This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Simulation of Occipitoatlantoaxial Injury Utilizing a MADYMO Model
Technical Paper
2004-01-0326
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Injuries of the Occipitoatlantoaxial (Occ-C2) region (also known as atlanto-occipital injuries) are the most common form of cervical injury in children aged ten years and younger. The crash studied in this paper is unique in that there were three children ages 3, 6 and 7 involved in a frontal crash with a delta V of 28mph with each child receiving a nonfatal Occ-C2 injury of varying degrees. The 3 and 6 year-old children were remarkably similar in height and weight to the 3 and 6 year-old Hybrid III ATD's. Also, unique to this case is the fact that the right rear 6 year-old occupant likely sustained an Occ-C2 injury prior to impact with the frame of the front passenger seat.
This crash environment was recreated utilizing MADYMO occupant simulation software. The models for the Hybrid III 3 and 6 year-old ATDs were used to represent the occupants in this crash. The modeled neck loads were near or exceeded the neck injury criteria specified by FMVSS 208 for 3 and 6 year-old dummies interacting with inflating airbags. The non-contact Nij values peaked before significant head rotation, while neck tension peaked later in the event. These criteria for the neck represent a 3-5% risk of AIS≥3 neck injury as indicated by evidence of hemorrhage into the condylar synovial capsules and soft tissue of the Occ-C2 complex. In this crash all three children were injured with AIS=2 injuries. They showed hemmorhage around the tectorial membrane, suggesting that these children were at or near the tolerance limit for an unstable neck injury. This correlates with the model results.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | INJURIES TO RESTRAINED OCCUPANTS IN FAR-SIDE CRASHES |
Technical Paper | Injury Mitigating Benefits of an Inflatable Shoulder Belt for Seat Integrated Application |
Technical Paper | Cervical Spine Loads Induced in Restrained Child Dummies |
Authors
- Mark R. Sochor - University of Michigan Program for Injury Research and Education
- Daniel P. Faust - University of Michigan Program for Injury Research and Education
- Hugh Garton - University of Michigan Program for Injury Research and Education
- Stewart C. Wang - University of Michigan Program for Injury Research and Education
- Stephen A. Ridella - TRW Automotive
- Skip Barnes - TRW Automotive
- Kurt Fischer - TRW Automotive
Topic
Citation
Sochor, M., Faust, D., Garton, H., Wang, S. et al., "Simulation of Occipitoatlantoaxial Injury Utilizing a MADYMO Model," SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0326, 2004, https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0326.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Appendix C |
Also In
References
- PS Sun GJ Poffenbarger Durham S Zimmerman RA. Spectrum of occipitoatlantoaxial Injury In young children J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 93 28 39 2000
- HJ Mertz GD Driscoll JB Lenox GW Nyquist Weber DA. Responses of animals exposed to deployment of various passenger Inflatable restraint system concepts for a variety of collision severities and animal positions. Proceedings of 9th ESV Conference Nov. 1-4 1982 SAE 826047
- Newman JA Dalmotas D. Atlanto-Occipital Fracture Dislocation in Lap-Belt Restrained Children. Child Occupant Protection (SP-986) SAE Paper No. 933099 165 171 1993
- Weber K Dalmotas D Hendrick B. Investigation of Dummy Response and Restraint Configuration Factors Associated with Upper Spinal Cord Injury in a Forward-Facing Child Restraint SAE Paper No. 933101 185 193 1993
- Nusholtz GS DiDomenico L Shi Y Eagle P. Studies of Neck Injury Criteria Based on Existing Biomechanical Test Data Accident Analysis and Prevention 35 5 777 786 2003
- NHTSA Final Rule FMVSS 208, Federal Register,…..
- Irwin AL Mertz HJ. Biomechanical Bases for the CRABI and Hybrid III Child Dummies SAE Paper No. 973317 1 13 1997