This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Biofidelity Evaluation of the BioRID II, Hybrid III and RID2 for Use in Rear Impacts
Technical Paper
2003-22-0022
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In this study, three dummies were evaluated on the component level and as a whole. Their responses were compared with available volunteer and embalmed Post Mortem Human Subject (PMHS) data obtained under similar test conditions to evaluate their biofidelity The volunteer and PMHS data, used as comparators in this study, were used previously to establish some of the biofidelity requirements of the Hybrid III.
The BioRID II, the Hybrid III, and the RID2 were all subjected to rear impact HYGE sled tests with ΔVs of 17 and 28 km/hr to determine their biofidelity in these conditions. A static pull test, where a load was manually applied to the head of each dummy, was used to evaluate the static strength of their necks in flexion and extension. Finally, pendulum tests were conducted with the Hybrid III and RID2 to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of their necks in flexion and extension.
The sled test results indicate that out of the three dummies, the overall flexibility of the Hybrid III is comparable to that of the volunteer anticipating the impact. The overall flexibilities of the BioRID II and the RID2 are greater than those of all the comparators used in this study (the tensed volunteer and the two embalmed PMHSs). The responses of the Hybrid III are closer to those of the tensed volunteer than those of the PMHSs. The responses of the BioRID II and the RID2 are closer to those of the PMHSs than to the tensed volunteer.
Recommended Content
Authors
- A. Kim - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- K.F. Anderson - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- J. Berliner - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- J. Hassan - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- J. Jensen - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- H.J. Mertz - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- H. Pietsch - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- A. Rao - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- R. Scherer - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
- A. Sutterfield - Rear Impact Dummy Evaluation Task Group of the Occupant Safety Research Partnership/USCAR
Citation
Kim, A., Anderson, K., Berliner, J., Hassan, J. et al., "A Biofidelity Evaluation of the BioRID II, Hybrid III and RID2 for Use in Rear Impacts," SAE Technical Paper 2003-22-0022, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-22-0022.Also In
References
- AGARD-AR-330 1998 Anthropomorphic dummies for crash and escape system testing NATO Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development 92-836-1039-3 Canada Communication Group Quebec, Canada
- Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (AAM) 1999 Dummy response limits for FMVSS 208 compliance testing Annex 2 of AAM Submission, Docet No. NHTSA 99-6407 December 23 1999
- Beebe M.S. 1990 What is BIOSID SAE 900377 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA
- Bertholon N. Robin S. Le Coz J.Y. Potier P. Lassau J.P. Skalli W. 2000 Human head and cervical spine behaviour during low-speed rear end impacts: PMHS sled tests with a rigid seat Proc. of International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 265 277
- BioRID II User's Guide 2002 Robert A. Denton, Inc. February 27 2002
- Boström O. Svensson M.Y. Muser M. 1999 NIC measurement techniques and result interpretation www.agu.ch/en/index.html,Nic.calc.005.pdf
- Boström O. Svensson M.Y. Aldman B. Hansson H.A. Håland Y. Lövsund P. Seeman T. Suneson A. Säljö A. Örtengren T. 1996 A new neck injury criterion candidate- based on injury findings in the cervical spinal ganglia after experimental neck extension trauma Proc. of 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 123 136
- Bowker A.H. Lieberman G.J. 1955 Handbook of Industrial Statistics Prentice Hall
- Cappon H. Philippens M. van Ratingen M. Wismans J. 2001a Development and evaluation of a new rear-impact crash dummy: the RID 2 Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 225 238
- Cappon H. Philippens M. Wismans J. 2001b A new test method for the assessment of neck injuries in rear-end collisions Proc. of 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Paper No. 242
- Cappon H.J. Philippens M.M.G.M. van Ratingen M.R. Wismans J.S.H.M. 2000 Evaluation of dummy behaviour during low severity rear impact Proc. of 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 53 66
- Daniel R.P. Irwin A. Athey J. Balser J. Eichbrecht P. Hultman R.W. Kirkish S. Kneisly A. Mertz H. Nusholtz G. Rouhana S. Scherer R. Salloum M. Smrcka J. 1995 Technical spedifications of the SID-IIs dummy Proc. 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference 359 388 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Davidsson J. Flogård A. Lövsund P. Svensson M. 1999a BioRID P3 – design and performance compared to Hybrid III and volunteers in rear impacts at ΔV = 7 km/h Proc. 43rd Stapp Car Crash Conference 253 265 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Davidsson J. Lövsund P. Ono K. Svensson M.Y. Inami S. 1999b A comparison between volnteer, BioRID-P3 and Hybrid III performance in rear impacts Proc. of 1999 International IRCOBI conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 165 178
- Davidsson J. Svensson M.Y. Flogård A. Håland Y. Jakobsson L. Linder A. Lövsund P. Wiklund K. 1998 BioRID I – a new biofidelic rear impact dummy Proc. of 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomecahnics of Impact 377 390
- FMVSS 208 2000 Occupant Crash Protection Docket of Federal Regulations 49, Part 571.208 US Governtment Printing Office Washington, D.C.
- Foster J.K. Kortge J.O. Wolanin M.J. 1977 Hybrid III – a biomechanically-based crash test dummy Proc. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference 973 1014 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Gotou T. Ono K. Ito M. Matuoka F. 2001 A comparison between BioRID and Hybrid III head/neck/torso response in middle speed sled rear impact tests Proc. of 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Paper No. 116
- Irwin A.L. Mertz H.J. 1997 Biomechanical bases for the CRABI and Hybrid III child dummies Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Confernce 1 12 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Kim A. Anderson K.F. Berliner J. Bryzik C. Hassan J. Jensen J. Kendall M. Mertz H.J. Morrow T. Rao A. Wozniak J.A. 2001 A comparison of the Hybrid III and BioRID II dummies in low-severity, rear-impact sled tests Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 257 284
- Linder A. Svensson M. Viano D. 2002a Evaluation of the BioRID P3 and the Hybrid III in pendulum impacts to the back: a comparison with human subject test data Traffic Injury Prevention 3 159 166
- Linder A. Svensson M. Davidsson J. Flogård A. Lövsund P. Håland Y. Jakobsson L. Wiklund K. 2002b Design and validation of the neck for a rear impact dummy (BioRID I) Traffic Injury Prevention 3 167 174
- Mertz H.J. Jarett K. Moss S. Salloum M. Zhao Y. 2001 The Hybrid III 10-year-old dummy Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 319 328
- Mertz H.J. Prasad P. 2000 Improved neck injury risk curves for tension and extension moment measuremnts of crash dummies Stapp Car Crash Journal 44 59 75
- Mertz H.J. Prasad P. Irwin A.L. 1997 Injury risk curves for children and adults in frontal and rear collisions Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Confernce 13 30 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Mertz H.J. Irwin A.L. Melvin J.W. Stalnaker R.L. Beebe M.S. 1989 Size, weight and biomechanical impact response requirements for adult size small female and large male dummies SAE 890756 , SAE SP-782 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Mertz H.J. Neathery R.F. Culver C.C. 1972 Performance requirements and characteristics of mechanical necks General Motors Research Laboratories Symposium, Human Impact Response – Measurement and Simulation
- Mertz H.J. Patrick L.M. 1971 Strength and response of the human neck Proc. 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference 207 255 Society of Automotive Engineers New York
- Mertz H.J. Patrick L.M. 1967 Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash during vehicle rear-end collisions Proc. 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference 175 206 Society of Automotive Engineers New York
- Muser M.H. Walz F.H. Zellmer H. 2000 Biomechanical significance of the rebound phase in low speed rear end impacts Proc. of 2000 International IRCOBI conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 411 424
- NHTSA 2000a th
- NHTSA 2000b Final rule on advanced airbags. Federal Register (FR) 65 May 12 2000
- NHTSA 1998 Notice of proposed rule making (NPRM) for advanced airbags Federal Register (FR) 63 181 September 18 1998
- Patrick L.M. Chou C.C. 1976 Response of the human neck in flexion, extension, and lateral flexion Final Report SAE VRI-7.3 April 16 1976
- Philippens M.M.G.M. 2002a RID2 v0.0 User Manual Draft TNO Automotive, TNO report 01.OR.BV.048.1/MP March 12 2002
- Philippens M. Cappon H. van Ratingen M. Wismans J. Svensson M. Sirey F. Ono K. Nishimoto N. Matsuoka F. 2002b Comparison of the rear impact biofidelity of BioRID II and RID2 Stapp Car Crash Journal 46 461 476
- Prasad P. Kim A. Weerappuli D.P.V. 1997 Biofidelity of anthropomorphic test devices for rear impact Proc. 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference 387 415 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA 23 1998a User's Manual for the 50 th Percentile Male Hybrid III Test Dummy Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA 25 1999a User's manual for the small adult femal Hybrid III test dummy Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA 26 1998b Calibration Procedures – Hybrid III Large Male Test Dummy Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA 27 1995a User's guide for the twelve and eighteen month old infant dummies (CRABI) Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA28 1995b Users guide for the six month old infant dummy (CRABI) Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA29 1998c Hybrid III six-year-old child dummy user's manual Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE EA31 1999b Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy users manual Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE J1460-2 1998d Human mechanical impact response characteristics – responses of the human neck to inertial loading by the head for automotive seated postures Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE J1733 1994a Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE J2052 1990 Test Device Head Contact Duration Analysis Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE J2052 1995c Instrumentation for impact test – part 1 – electronic instrmentation Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- SAE PT-44 1994b Hybrid III: the first humanlike crash test dummy Society of Autmotive Engineers Warrendale, PA
- Schmitt K.-U. Muser M. 2001a Nkm calculation example www.agu.ch/en/index.html,nkm001.pdf
- Schmitt K.-U. Muser M.H. Niederer P. 2001b A new neck injury criterion candidate for rear-end collisions taking into account shear forces and bending moments Proc. of 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Paper No. 124
- Siegmund G.P. Heinrichs B.E. Lawrence J.M. Philippens M.M.G.M. 2001 Kinetic and kinematic responses of the RID2a, Hybrid III and human volunteers in low-speed rear-end collisions Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 239 256
- Spiegel M.R. Stephens L.J. 1999 Statistics McGraw Hill
- Svensson M.Y. Boström O. Davidsson J. Hansson H.-A. Håland Y. Lövsund A. Säljö A. 2000 Neck injuries in car collisions - a review covering a possible injury mechanism and the development of a new rear-impact dummy Accident Analysis & Preventions 32 167 175
- Svensson M.Y. Lövsund P. 1992 A dummy for rear-end collisioins – development and validation of a new dummy-neck Proc. of 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact 299 310
- Viano D.C. Davidsson J. 2002 Neck displacements of volunteers, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III in rear impacts: implications to whiplash assessment by a Neck Displacement Criterion (NDC) Traffic Injury Prevention 3 105 116