This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel Effects on Soot Processes of Fuel Jets at DI Diesel Conditions
Technical Paper
2003-01-3080
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of fuel composition on soot processes in diesel fuel jets were studied in an optically-accessible constant-volume combustion vessel at experimental conditions typical of a DI diesel. Four fuel blends used in recent engine studies were investigated, including three oxygenates and one diesel reference fuel: (1) T70, a fuel blend containing the oxygenate tetraethoxy-propane; (2) BM88, a fuel blend containing the oxygenate dibutyl-maleate; (3) GE80, a fuel blend containing the oxygenate tri-propylene-glycol-methyl-ether and (4) CN80, a diesel reference fuel composed of an n-hexadecane and heptamethyl-nonane mixture. Measurements of the soot distribution along the axis of quasi-steady fuel jets were performed using laser extinction and planar laser-induced incandescence (PLII) and were compared to previous results using a #2 diesel fuel (D2). In addition to the soot measurements, lift-off length and ignition delay measurements were performed for an extensive range of ambient gas temperatures and densities. Flame lift-off lengths were used in the interpretation and analysis of the soot measurements.
Lift-off lengths, ignition delays and soot levels for these fuel blends follow similar trends with respect to ambient temperature or density established using D2 fuel. With increasing ambient temperature or density, lift-off length and ignition delay decrease and peak soot levels in a fuel jet increase. The increase in peak soot level is linear with respect to temperature and non-linear with respect to ambient density. Although following established trends with temperature or density, at a given experimental condition there is significant variation in lift-off length, ignition delay, and soot level for each fuel blend. The soot level in decreasing order with respect to fuel composition is: D2 > CN80 > BM88 > T70 > GE80. The distance from the injector to the region of first soot formation has an inverse relationship to the sooting propensity given above. That is, the first-soot distance is longest for GE80 and shortest for D2. The order in sooting tendency is found at either fixed ambient and injector operating conditions or at equivalent fuel-oxygen mixtures at the jet lift-off length, confirming that fuel molecular structure effects are important to the soot processes at diesel conditions. Differences in soot level with respect to fuel composition are quantified at many experimental conditions and axial positions of the fuel jet.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Pickett, L. and Siebers, D., "Fuel Effects on Soot Processes of Fuel Jets at DI Diesel Conditions," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-3080, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3080.Also In
Experimental Investigation of Compression Ignition and Spark Ignition Engines
Number: SP-1804; Published: 2003-10-31
Number: SP-1804; Published: 2003-10-31
References
- Delfort, B. Durand, I. Jaecker-Voirol, A. Lacome, T. Paille, F. Montagne, X. “Oxygenated Compounds and Diesel engine Pollutant Emissions Performances of New Generation of Products,” SAE Paper 2002-01-2852 2002
- Miyamoto, N. Ogawa, H. Nabi, M.N. Obata, K. Arima, T. SAE Paper 980506 1998
- Spreen, K.B. Ullman, T.U. Mason, R.L. “Effects of Cetane Number, Aromatics, and Oxygenates on Emissions From a 1994 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine With Exhaust Catalyst,” SAE 950250 1995
- Miyamoto, N. Ogawa, H. Masahiko, S. Arai, K. Esmilaire, O. “Influence of the Molecular Structure of Hydrocarbon Fuels on Diesel Exhaust Emissions,” SAE Paper 94067 1994
- Ullman, T.U. Spreen, K.B. Mason, R.L. “Effects of Cetane Number, Cetane Improver, Aromatics, and Oxygenates on 1994 Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions,” SAE 941020 1994
- Fukuda M. Tree, D.R. Foster, D.E. Suhre, R. “The Effects of Aromatic Structure and Content on Direct Injection Diesel Engine Particulates,” SAE Paper 920110 1992
- Musculus, M. P. Dec, J. E. Tree, D. R. “Effects of Fuel Parameters and Diffusion Flame Lift-off on Soot Formation in a Heavy-Duty DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper 2002-01-0889 2002
- Mueller, C. J. Martin, G. C. “Effects of Oxygenated Compounds on Combustion and Soot Evolution in a DI Diesel Engine: Broadband Natural Luminosity Imaging,” SAE Paper 2002-01-1631 2002
- Mueller, C.J. Pitz, W.J. Pickett, L.M. Martin, G.C. Siebers, D.L. Westbrook, C.K. “Effects of Oxygenates on Soot Processes in DI Diesel Engines: Experiments and Numerical Simulations,” SAE Paper 2003-01-1791 2003
- Glassman, I. “Soot Formation in Combustion Processes,” Proc. Combust. Inst. 22 295 311 1988
- Pickett, L.M. Siebers, D.L. “Soot in Diesel Fuel Jets: Effects of Ambient Temperature, Ambient Density, and Injection Pressure,” Combust. Flame 2003
- Siebers, D.L. Pickett, L.M. “Injection Pressure and Orifice Diameter Effects on Soot in DI Diesel Fuel Jets,” Conference on Thermo-fluidynamic Processes in Diesel Engines Valencia, Spain 2002
- Pickett, L.M. Siebers, D.L. “An Investigation of Diesel Soot Formation Processes Using Micro-Orifices,” Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 655 662 2002
- Siebers, D.L. Higgins, B. “Flame Lift-off on Direct-Injection Diesel Sprays under Quiescent Conditions,” SAE Paper 2001-01-0530 2001
- Higgins, B. Siebers, D.L. “Measurement of the Flame Lift-Off Location on DI Diesel Sprays Using OH Chemiluminescence,” SAE Paper 2001-01-0918 2001
- Dec, J. E. “A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging,” SAE Paper 970873 1997
- Siebers, D.L. “Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays,” SAE Paper 980809 1998
- Naber, J.D. Siebers, D.L. “Effects of Gas Density and Vaporization on Penetration and Dispersion of Diesel Sprays,” SAE Paper 960034 1996
- Zhao, H. Ladommatos, N. “Optical Diagnostics for Soot and Temperature Measurement in Diesel Engines,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24 221 255 1998
- Pickett, L.M. Siebers, D.L. “Soot Formation Near the Lift-Off Length in Mixing-Controlled DI Diesel Fuel Jets,” Int. J. Engine Research 2003
- Kojima, J. Ikeda, Y. Nakijama “Spatially Resolved Measurement of OH*, CH*, and C 2 * Chemiluminescence in the Reaction Zone of Laminar Methane/Air Premixed Flames,” Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 1757 2000
- Siebers, D.L. “Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization,” SAE Paper 1999-01-0528 1999
- Siebers, D.L. Higgins, B. Pickett, L.M. “Flame Lift-Off on Direct-Injection Diesel Fuel Jets: Oxygen Concentration Effects,” SAE Paper 2002-01-0890 2002
- Han, D. Mungal, M.G “Direct Measurement of Entrainment in Reacting/Non-Reacting Turbulent Jets,” Combust. Flame 124 370 386 2001
- Becker, H.A. Liang, D. “Visible Length of Vertical Free Turbulent Diffusion Flames,” Combust. Flame 32 115 37 1978
- Higgins, B. Siebers, D.L. Aradi, A. “Diesel-Spray Ignition and Premixed Burn Behavior,” SAE Paper 2000-01-0940 2000
- Musculus, M.P.B. “Effects of the In-Cylinder Environment on Diffusion Flame Lift-Off in a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper 2003-01-0074 2003
- Magnussen, B.F. Hjertager, B.H. Olsen, J.G. Bhaduri, D. “Effects of Turbulent Structure and Local Concentrations on Soot Formation and Combustion in C 2 H 2 Diffusion Flames,” Proc. Combust. Inst. 17 1383 1978