This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Finite Element and Multi-body Model of the Pregnant Female Occupant for the Analysis of Restraint Effectiveness
Technical Paper
2003-01-0157
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A finite element model of a 7-month pregnant uterus was created and integrated into a multi-body human model. The uterine model contains 11,632 elements and 16,335 nodes. The pregnant occupant model was validated using known abdominal response corridors. Unrestrained, 3-pt belt, and 3-pt belt plus airbag tests were simulated at speeds ranging from 13 kph to 55 kph. Peak uterine strain was found to be a good predictor of fetal outcome (R2= 0.85). The strain in the uterine wall exceeded 60%, sufficient to cause placental abruption, in simulations of no restraint at 35 kph and 3-pt belt tests at 45 kph and 55kph. These tests represent a greater than 75% risk of adverse fetal outcome. For matched tests at 35 kph, strains of 60.8% for the unrestrained occupant, 52.6% strain for the 3-pt seatbelt and only 33.0% strain for the 3-pt seatbelt and airbag combination were recorded. The model proved successful at predicting risk of fetal demise and verified experimental findings noting the importance of proper restraint use for the pregnant occupant.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Moorcroft, D., Duma, S., Stitzel, J., and Duma, G., "A Finite Element and Multi-body Model of the Pregnant Female Occupant for the Analysis of Restraint Effectiveness," SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0157, 2003, https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-0157.Also In
SAE 2003 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Number: V112-6; Published: 2004-09-15
Number: V112-6; Published: 2004-09-15
References
- Conrad JT Kuhn WK Johnson WL 1966 Stress relaxation in human uterine muscle American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 95 2 254 265
- Crosby WM Snyder RG Snow CC Hanson PG 1968 Impact injuries in pregnancy American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 101 1 100
- Dahmus MA Sibai BM 1993 Blunt abdominal trauma: are there any predictive factors for abruptio placentae or maternal-fetal distress American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169 4 1054 1059
- Duck 1990 Physical Properties of Tissue London Academic Press
- Elliott M 1966 Vehicular accidents and pregnancy Aust NZJ Obstet Gynaec 6 4 279 286
- Esposito TJ Gens DR Smith LG Scorpio R Buchman T 1991 Trauma during pregnancy. a review of 79 cases Archives of Surgery 126 1073 1078
- Fort AT Harlin RS 1970 Pregnancy outcome after noncatastrophic maternal trauma during pregnancy Obstetrics and Gynecology 35 912 915
- Fried AM 1978 Distribution of the bulk of the normal placenta. Review and classification of 800 cases by ultrasonography American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 132 6 675 680
- Goodwin TM Breen MT 1990 Pregnancy outcome and fetomaternal hemorrhage after noncatastrophic trauma American Journal of Obstetrics and Gyncology , 162 665 667
- Hardy WN Schneider LW Rouhana SW 2001 Abdominal impact response to rigid-bar, seatbelt, and airbag loading Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 1 32
- Hoff WS Lucke JF Diamond DL et al. 1991 Maternal predictors of fetal demise in trauma during pregnancy Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics , 172 3 175 180
- Hutchinson J Kaiser MJ Lankarani HM 1998 The head injury criterion (HIC) functional Applied Mathematics and Computation, 96 1 16
- Iwamoto M Miki K Yang KH King AI 1999 Development of a finite element model of the human shoulder AMERI-PAM '99
- King AI Crosby WM Stout LC Eppinger RH 1971 Effects of lap belt and three-point restraints on pregnant baboons subjected to deceleration . 1 5 th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings , 68 83
- Kissinger DP Rozycki GS Morris JA Knudson MM Copes WS Bass SM Yates HK Champion HR 1991 Trauma in pregnancy - Predicting pregnancy outcome Archives of Surgery 126 1079 1086
- Klinich KD Schneider LW Eby B Rupp J Pearlman MD 1999 Seated anthropometry during pregnancy UMTRI-99-16.
- Klinich KD Schneider LW Moore JL Pearlman 1999 Investigations of crashes involving pregnant occupants UMTRI-99-29.
- Mizrahi J Karni Z 1975 A mechanical model for uterine muscle activity during labor and delivery Israel Journal of Technology 13 185 191
- Pearlman MD Tintinalli JE Lorenz RP 1990 A prospective controlled study of ourcome after trauma during pregnancy American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 162 1502 1510
- Pearlman MD Viano D 1996 Automobile crash simulation with the first pregnant crash test dummy American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 175 4 977 981
- Pearlman MD 1997 Motor vehicle crashes, pregnancy loss and preterm labor International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 57 127 132
- Pearlman MD Ashton-Miller JA Dyer T Reis P 1999 Data acquisition for development to characterize the uteroplacental interface for the second-generation pregnant abdomen NHTSA
- Pearsall GW Roberts VL 1978 Passive mechanical properties of uterine muscle (myometrium) tested in vitro Journal of Biomechanics 11 167 176
- Rothenberger D Quattlebaum FW Perry JF Jr. Zabel J Fischer RP 1978 Blunt maternal trauma: A review of 103 cases The Journal of Trauma 18 3 173 179
- Rupp JD Schneider LW Klinich KD Moss S Zhou J Pearlman MD 2001 Design, Development, and testing of a new pregnant abdomen for the Hybrid III small female crash test dummy UMTRI-2001-07.
- Snyder RG Snow CC Crosby WM Hanson P Fineg J Chandler R 1966 Impact injury to the pregnant female and fetus in lap belt restraint Proceedings of the 10 th International Stapp Car Crash Conference 249 259
- Timberlake GA McSwain NE Jr 1989 Trauma in pregnancy - A 10-year perspective The American Surgeon 55 151 153
- Todd BA Thacker JG 1994 Three-dimensional computer model of the human buttocks, in vivo Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 31 2 111 119
- van Kirk DJ King AI A preliminary study of an effective restraint system for pregnant women and children. 13 th Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings 353 364
- Williams JK McClain L Rosemurgy AS Colorado NM 1990 Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in the third trimester of pregnancy: maternal and fetal considerations Obstetrics and Gynecology 75 1 33 37
- Wood C 1964 Physiology of uterine contractions British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 71 360 373
- Yamada H 1970 Strength of biological materials . Baltimore The Williams & Wilkins Company
- Zhang L Yang KH Dwarampudi R Omori K Li T Chang K Hardy WN Khalil TB King AI 2001 Recent advances in brain injury research: A new human head model development and validation Stapp Car Crash Journal 45 369 394