This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel Economy and Engine-Out Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Two-Valve Direct-Injection S.I. Engine Operating in the Stratified-Combustion Regime
Technical Paper
2002-01-2658
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This study is an experimental and computational investigation of the influence of injection timing, fuel spray orientation, and in-cylinder air motion on the combustion, fuel economy, and engine-out emissions of a single-cylinder, 2-valve, spark-ignition direct-injection (SIDI) engine, operating under stratified-charged conditions. For the best compromise between fuel consumption, combustion stability, engine-out hydrocarbon emissions and smoke, the engine required relatively retarded injection timings (in comparison to other charge- or wall-controlled DI engines), high swirl levels, and a spray orientation that is directed towards the intake-valve side and targets the ridge wall of the piston. The stratified combustion was thus found to be a combination of wall and charge control, as indicated by the indirect spray targeting relative to the spark location coupled with the high swirl requirements of the engine, as well as the crucial role of the piston ridge in deflecting the fuel vapor towards the spark gap. The CFD computations, which showed close agreement with the experimental results, suggest that minimizing the amount of fuel deposited on the piston surface is a requirement for low exhaust smoke. It was also concluded from the combined results of the computations and the experiments that the time-averaged air-fuel mixture in the immediate vicinity of the spark gap at the time of ignition should be biased towards a rich mixture to minimize misfires and cyclic combustion variability.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Alkidas, A., Lippert, A., Reuss, D., Liedtke, J. et al., "Fuel Economy and Engine-Out Emissions from a Single-Cylinder Two-Valve Direct-Injection S.I. Engine Operating in the Stratified-Combustion Regime," SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-2658, 2002, https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2658.Also In
References
- Kume, T. Iwamoto, Y. Iida, K. Murakami, M. Akishino, K. Ando, H. “Combustion Control Technologies for Direct Injection SI Engines,” SAE Paper 960600 1996
- Ando, H. “Combustion Control Technologies for Gasoline Engines,” Lean Burn Combustion Engines IMechE Seminar Publication 1996
- Jackson, N. S. Stokes, J. Whitaker, P. A. Lake, T. H. “A Direct Injection Stratified Charge Gasoline Combustion System for Future European Passenger Cars,” Lean Burn Combustion Engines IMechE Seminar Publication 1996
- Iwamoto, Y. Noma, K. Nakayama, O. Yamauchi, T. Ando, H. “Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine,” SAE Paper 970541 1997
- Harada, J. Tomita, T. Mizuno, H. Mashiki, Z. Ito, Y. “Development of Direct Injection Gasoline Engine,” SAE Paper 970540 1997
- Tagaki, Y. Itoh, T. Muranaka, S. Iiyama, A. Iwakiri, Y. Urushihara, T. Naitoh, K. “Simultaneous Attainment of Low Fuel Consumption, High Output Power and Low Exhaust Emissions in Direct Injection SI Engines,” SAE Paper 980149 1998
- Itoh, T. Iiyama A. Muranaka, S. Tagaki, Y. “Combustion Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Stratified Charge S.I. Engine,” JSAE Review 19 217 222 1998
- Krebs, R. Spiegel, L. Stiebels, B. “Direct Injection SI Engines by Volkswagen,” The Aachen Colloquium on Automotive and Engine Engineering 1999
- Geiger, J. Grigo, M. Lang, O. Wolters, P. Hupperich, P. “Direct Injection Gasoline Engines - Combustion Design,” SAE Paper 1999-01-0170 1999
- Bishop, I.N. Simko, A. “A New Concept of Stratified Charge Combustion - The Ford Combustion Process (FCP),” SAE Transactions , Paper 680041 77 93 117 1968
- Mitchell, E. Cobb, J. M. Frost, R. A. “Design and Evaluation of a Stratified Charge Multifuel Military Engine,” SAE Transactions , Paper 680042 77 118 128 1968
- Scussel, A.J. Simko, A.O. Wade, W.R. “The Ford PROCO Engine Update,” SAE Transactions, Paper 780699 87 2706 2725 1978
- Wood, C.D. “Unthrottled Open-Chamber Stratified Charge Engines,” SAE Paper 780341 1978
- Schapertons, H. Emmenthal, K.-D. Grabe, H.-J. Opperman, W. “VW's Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Research Engine,” SAE Paper 910054 1991
- Houston, R. Cathcart, G. “Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Orbital's Combustion Process Applied to multi-Cylinder Automotive Direct Injected 4-stroke Engines,” SAE Paper 980153 1998
- Spiegel, L. Spicher, U. “Mixture Formation and Combustion in a Spark Ignition Engine with Direct Fuel Injection,” SAE Paper 920521 1992
- Yang, J. Munoz, R. H. Anderson, R. W. Lavoie, G. A. “Study of a Stratified-Charge SIDI Engine with an Air-Forced Fuel Injection System,” SAE Paper 2000-01-2901 2000
- Khalighi B. El Tahry S. H. Haworth D.C. Huebler M.S. “Computation and Measurement of Flow and Combustion in a Four-Valve Engines with Intake Variations, and Combustion in a Four-Valve Engines with Intake Variations,” SAE Paper 950287 1995
- Amsden, A.A. O'Rourke, P.J. Butler, T.D. “KIVA: A Computer Program for Two - and Three - Dimensional Fluid Flows with Chemical Reactions and Fuel Sprays,” Los Alamos Report No. LA-11560-MS 1989
- O'Rourke P. J. Amsden A. A. “The TAB Method for Numerical Calculation of Spray Droplet Breakup,” SAE Paper 872089 1987
- O'Rourke, P.J. Amsden, A.A. “A Particle Numerical Model for Wall Film Dynamics in Port-Injected Engines” SAE Paper 961961 1996
- O'Rourke, P.J. Amsden, A.A. “A Spray/Wall Interaction Submodel for the KIVA-3V Wall Film Model” SAE Paper 2000-01-0271 2000
- Stanton, D. Rutland, C. “Modeling Fuel Film Formation and Wall Interaction in Diesel Engines” SAE Paper 960628 1996
- Lippert, A. M. Reitz, R.D. “Modeling of multicomponent fuels using continuous distributions with application to droplet evaporation and sprays” SAE Paper 972882 1997
- Lippert, A.M Stanton, D.W. Reitz, R.D. Rutland, C.J Hallett, W.L.H. “Investigating the Effect of Spray Targeting and Impingement on Diesel Engine Cold Start” SAE Paper 2000-01-0269 2000
- Drake, M. Fansler, D. Rosalik, M.E. “Quantitative High Speed Imaging of Piston Fuel Films in Direct Injection Engines Using a Refractive - Index - Matching Technique” 15th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems Madison, WI May 2002
- Heywood, J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals 389 90 McGraw-Hill Book Company 1988
- Fansler T.D. Stojkovic B.E. Drake M.C. Rosalik M.E. “Local Fuel-Air Ratio Measurements in Internal Combustion Engines Using Spark-Emission Spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B 2001
- Stevens, E. Steeper, R. “Piston Wetting in an Optical DISI Engine: Fuel Films, Pool Fires and Soot Generation,” SAE Paper 2001-01-1203 2001
- Warey, A. Huang, Y. Matthews, R. Hall, M. Ng, H. “Effects of Piston Wetting on Size and Mass of Particulate Matter Emissions in a DISI Engine,” 2002-01-1140 2002
- Fansler T.D. Drake M.C. Stojkovic B.E. Rosalik M.E. “Optical Studies of Mixture Preparation and Combustion in a Spark-Ignited Direct Injection Engine,” Intl. J. Engine Res. 2002