This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel Additive and Blending Approaches to Reducing NOx Emissions from Biodiesel
Technical Paper
2002-01-1658
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Blending of 20% biodiesel with petroleum diesel is well known to cause a significant reduction in PM emissions but also can cause NOx emissions to increase by 1 to 3 percent. This study has examined a number of approaches for NOx reduction for 20% biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends (B20). These approaches included blending with a nominally 10% aromatic diesel, zero aromatic Fisher-Tropsch (FT) diesel, and use of fuel additives. Biodiesel produced from soybean oil and from yellow grease was examined. Testing was conducted in at 1991 DDC Series 60 truck engine using the U.S. heavy-duty FTP. Emissions of NOx, PM, CO, and THC are reported. Relative to certification diesel the B20 fuels exhibited 20% lower PM emissions but 3.3 and 1% higher NOx emissions for soy and yellow grease based blends, respectively. The 10% aromatic fuel exhibited 12% lower PM and 6% lower NOx. FT diesel had the lowest emissions with a 33% reduction in PM and 16% lower NOx. For B20 (soy+cert fuel), lowering of the base fuel aromatic content from 31.9 to 7.5% lowered NOx by 6.5%. Linear interpolation between data points for B20 produced using cert fuel and produced using 10% aromatic fuel suggests that, if all other factors are equal, a base fuel having 25.8 aromatics should provide a NOx neutral B20 (relative to certification diesel having 31.9% aromatic content). Note that the cetane numbers of the certification diesel and the 10% aromatic diesel are essentially the same. Blending of FT diesel may produce a NOx neutral fuel at biodiesel content as high as 55%. The cetane enhancers di-tert-butyl peroxide and 2-ethyl-hexyl nitrate are both effective at reducing NOx from B20 blends in this engine, while retaining the PM emission benefits of biodiesel. Ferrocene was also examined but demonstrated no emission benefits.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Emission Performance of Selected Biodiesel Fuels |
Technical Paper | Potential Methods for NOx Reduction from Biodiesel |
Technical Paper | Behavior of a Diesel Injection System with Biodiesel Fuel |
Authors
- Robert L. McCormick - Colorado Institute for Fuels and Engine Research, Colorado School of Mines
- Javier R. Alvarez - Colorado Institute for Fuels and Engine Research, Colorado School of Mines
- Michael S. Graboski - Colorado Institute for Fuels and Engine Research, Colorado School of Mines
- K. Shaine Tyson - National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Keith Vertin - National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Citation
McCormick, R., Alvarez, J., Graboski, M., Tyson, K. et al., "Fuel Additive and Blending Approaches to Reducing NOx Emissions from Biodiesel," SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1658, 2002, https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1658.Also In
References
- Graboski, M.S. McCormick, R.L. “Combustion of Fat and Vegetable Oil Derived Fuels in Diesel Engines” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 24 125 1998
- Sharp, C.A. Howell, S.A. Jobe, J. “The Effect of Biodiesel Fuels on Transient Emissions from Modern diesel engines, Part I Regulated Emissions and Performance” SAE Tech. Paper No. 2000-01-1967 2000
- McCormick, R.L. Graboski, M.S. Alleman, T.L. Herring, A.M. “Impact of Biodiesel Source Material and Chemical Structure on Emissions of Criteria Pollutants from a Heavy-Duty Engine” Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 1742 2001
- Graboski, M.S. Ross, J.D. McCormick, R.L. “Transient Emissions From No. 2 Diesel and Biodiesel Blends in a DDC Series 60 Engine” SAE Technical Paper No. 961166 1996
- McCormick, R.L. Ross, J.D. Graboski, M.S. “Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines” Environ. Sci. Technol. 31 1144 1997
- McCormick, R.L. Alvarez, J.R. Graboski, M.S. “NO x Solutions for Biodiesel” Final Report to National Renewable Energy Laboratory August 24 2001
- Engine Manufacturers Association, FQP-1A “Recommended Guideline on Diesel Fuel” http://www.enginemanufacturers.org/about/Fqp-1aFinal.cfm November 2 2001
- Norton, P. Vertin, K. Bailey, B. Clark, N. N. Lyons, D.W. Goguen, S. Eberhart, J. “Emissions from Trucks using Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Fuel” SAE Technical Paper No. 982526 1998
- Sharp, C.A. “Transient Emissions Testing of Biodiesel in a DDC 6V-92TA Engine” Final Report to National Biodiesel Board, SWRI Oct. 1994
- Sharp, C.A. “Transient Emissions Testing of Biodiesel and Other Additives in a DDC Series 60 Engine” Final Report to National Biodiesel Board, SWRI Dec. 1994
- Zhang, J. Megaridis, C.M. “Soot Suppression by Ferrocene in Laminar Ethylene/Air Nonpremixed Flames” Combustion and Flame 105 528 1996
- Siegmann, H.C. Kasper, M. Sattler, K. Siegmann, K. Matter, U. “The Influence of Fuel Additives on the Formation of Carbon During Combustion” Journal of Aerosol Science 30 217 1999
- Burtscher, H. Matter, U. Skillas, G. “The Effect of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Particulate Emissions” Journal of Aerosol Science 30 1999