Cooled EGR - A Must or an Option for 2002/04

The introduction of the new emission standards in 2002/04 for heavy-duty diesel engines requires a substantial reduction of the NO_x emissions while the particulate emissions remain on a constant level. The application of cooled EGR appears to be the most common approach in order to achieve the required target, although other means such as advanced combustion systems and the application of emission control devices to reduce NO_x emissions have to be taken into account as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of such alternative solutions in comparison with cooled EGR to meet the upcoming emission standards.