This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Abdomen
Technical Paper
2001-22-0004
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
STAPP Car Crash Conference
Language:
English
Abstract
Currently, three-dimensional finite element models of the human body have been developed for frequently injured anatomical regions such as the brain, chest, extremities and pelvis. While a few models of the human body include the abdomen, these models have tended to oversimplify the complexity of the abdominal region. As the first step in understanding abdominal injuries via numerical methods, a 3D finite element model of a 50th percentile male human abdomen (WSUHAM) has been developed and validated against experimental data obtained from two sets of side impact tests and a series of frontal impact tests. The model includes a detailed representation of the liver, spleen, kidneys, spine, skin and major blood vessels. Hollow organs, such as the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, ureters, rectum and adrenal glands are grouped into three bodybags in order to provide realistic inertial properties and to maintain the position of the solid organs in their appropriate locations. Using direct connections, the model was joined superiorly to a partial model of the human thorax, and inferiorly to models of the human pelvis and the lower extremities that have been previously developed. Material properties for various tissues of the abdomen were derived from the literature. Data obtained in a series of cadaveric pendulum impact tests conducted at Wayne State University (WSU), a series of lateral drop tests conducted at Association Peugeot-Renault (APR) and a series of cadaveric lower abdomen frontal impact tests conducted at WSU were used to validate the model. Results predicted by the model match these experimental data for various impact speeds, impactor masses and drop heights. Further study is still needed in order to fully validate WSUHAM before it can be used to assess various impact loading conditions associated with vehicular crashes.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Head Impact Response Comparisons of Human Surrogates |
Technical Paper | Development of Pole Side Impact Sled Test Method using Multiple Actuators for EuroNCAP |
Ground Vehicle Standard | SAE Instrumented Arm User’s Manual |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Lee, J. and Yang, K., "Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Abdomen," SAE Technical Paper 2001-22-0004, 2001, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-22-0004.Also In
References
- Agur, A. M. R. Moore, K. L. 1996 Essential Clinical Anatomy Williams & Wilkins, A Waverly Company Baltimore, MA
- Augenstein, J. Bowen, J. Perdeck, E. Singer, M. Stratton, J. Horton, T. Rao, A. Digges, K. Malliaris, A. Steps, J. 2000 “Injury patterns in near-side collisions” SAE Paper No. 2000-01-0634 , SAE 2000 World Congress, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Bo, W. J. Meschan, I. Krueger, W. A. 1980 Basic Atlas of Cross-Sectional Anatomy W. B. Saunders Company
- Bondy, N. 1980 “Abdominal Injuries in the National Crash Severity Study” National Center for Statistics and Analysis
- Cavanaugh, J. M. Nyquist, G. W. Goldberg, S. J. King, A. I. 1986 “Lower Abdominal Tolerance and Response” Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 861878 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Clemente, C. D. 1985 Gray’s Anatomy, 30th American Edition of the Anatomy of the Human Body by Henry Gray 1825 1861 Lea&Febiger PA
- Eppinger, R. H. Marcus, J. H. Morgan, R. M. 1984 “Development of Dummy and Injury Index for NHTSA’s Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program” SAE Paper No. 840885 , Government/Industry Meeting and Exposition
- Farshad, M. Barbezat, M. Flüeler, P. Schmidlin, F. Graber, P. Niederer, P. 1999 “Material characterization of the pig kidney in relation with the biomechanical analysis of renal trauma” Journal of Biomechanics 32 No. 4 417 425
- Fung, Y.C. 1993 Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues Second Edition Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
- Granik, G. Stein, I. 1973 “Human Ribs: Static Testing as a Promising Medical Application” Journal of Biomechanics 6 237 240
- Hayes, W.C. 1991 “Biomechanics of Cortical and Trabecular Bone: Implications for Assessment of Fracture Risk” basic Orthopaedic Biomechanics Mow, V.C. Hayes, W.C. Raven Press New York
- Huang, Y. King, A. I. Cavanaugh, J. M. 1994a “Finite Element Modeling of Gross Motion of Human Cadavers in Side Impact” Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 942207 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Huang, Y. King, A. I. Cavanaugh, J.M. 1994b “A MADYMO Model of Near-Side Human Occupants in Side Impacts” J. Biomechanical Engineering 116 228 235
- Lau, I. Viano, D. C. 1981 “Influence of impact velocity on the severity of nonpenetrating hepatic injury” Journal of Trauma 21 No. 2 115 123
- Lizee, E. Robin, S. Song, E. Bertholon, N. Le Coz, J.-Y. Besnault, B. Lavaste, F. 1998 “Development of a 3D Finite Element Model of the Human Body” Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 983152 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Melvin, J. W. Stalnaker, R. L. Roberts, V. L. Trollope, M. L. 1973 “Impact injury mechanisms in abdominal organs” Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 730968 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Mertz, H. J. 1984 “A Procedure for Normalizing Impact Response Data” SAE Paper No. 840884 , 1984 SAE Government/Industry Meeting and Exposition
- Miller, M. A. 1989 “The Biomechanical Response of the Lower Abdomen to Belt Restraint Loading” The Journal of Trauma 29 No. 11 1571 1584
- Miller, K. 2000 “Constitutive modeling of abdominal organs” Journal of Biomechanics 33 No. 3 367 373
- Plank, G. R. Kleinberger, M. Eppinger, R. H. 1994 “Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Thorax and/Restraint System Integration” Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV) 210 219
- Rouhana, S. W. Foster M. E. 1985 “Later Impact - An Analysis of the Statistics in the NCSS” Proceedings of the 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 851727 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Rouhana S. W Lau I. V. Ridella S. A. 1985 “ Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact” J of Trauma 25 No. 6 490 500
- Schneider, L. W. Robbins, D. H. Pflug, M. A. Snyder, R. G. 1983 Anthropometry of Motor Vehicle Occupants 2 NHTSA
- Shah, J. S. Hampson, W. G. J. Jayson, M. I. V. 1978 Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 60B 246 251
- Siegel, J. H. Mason-Gonzales, S. Dischinger, P. Cushing, B. Read, K. Robinson, R. Smialek, J. Heatfield, B. Hill, W. Bents, F Jackson, J. Livingston, D. Clark, C. C. 1993 “Safety Belt Restraints and Compartment Intrusions in Frontal and Lateral Motor Vehicle Crashes, Mechanisms of Injuries, Complications, and Acute Care Costs” Journal of Trauma 5 No. 34 736 759
- Spencer, A. P. Mason, E. B. 1992 Human Anatomy and Physiology 4th West Publishing Co. MN
- Stalnaker, R. L. Ulman, M. S. 1985 “Abdominal Trauma - Review, Response, and Criteria” Proceedings of the 29 th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 851720 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Takahashi, K. 1994 Atlas of the human body Harper Perennial, Kodansha Ltd
- Trollope, R. L. Stalnaker, R. L. McElhaney, J. H. 1973 “The mechanism of injury in blunt abdominal trauma” Journal of Trauma 13 No. 11 962 970
- Viano D. C. 1983 “Biomechanics of Nonpenetrating Aortic Trauma: A Review” Proceedings of the 27 th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 831608 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Viano, D. C. 1989 “Biomechanical Responses and Injuries in Blunt Lateral Impact” Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 892432 , SAE, Warrendale, Pennsylvania
- Walfisch, G. Fayon, A. Tarriere, C. Rosey, J. P. Guillon, F. Got, C. Patel, A. Stalnaker, R. L. 1980 “Designing of a dummy’s abdomen for detecting injuries in side impact collisions” International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts International Research Council on Biokinetics of Impacts Bron
- Wang, H.-C. K. 1995 “Development of a Side Impact Finite Element Human Thoracic Model” Ph. D. dissertation Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan
- Yamada, H. 1970 Strength of Biological Materials Williams & Wilkins Inc. Baltimore
- Yang, K.H. King, A.I. 1984 “Mechanism of Facet Load Transmission as a Hypothesis of Low Back Pain” Spine 9 557 565
- Yang, K.H. 2001 “Review of Mathematical Human Models for Incorporation into Vehicle Safety Design” International Journal of Vehicle Design