LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES AND ASSOCIATED INJURY CRITERIA

Authors

• Shashi Kuppa - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA
• Jing Wang - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA
• Mark Haffner - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA
• Rolf Eppinger - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, USA

Topic

• Body regions
• Frontal collisions
• Injuries
• Knee
• Crashworthiness

Citation

Also In

References

1. The Abbreviated Injury Scale 1990
2. Bangelmaier, et al “Axial Compressive Load Response of the 90° Flexed Human Tibiafemoral Joint,” 99SC08 rd 1999
3. Begeman, P. Paravasthu, N. “Static and Dynamic Compression Loading of the Lower Leg,” Proceedings of the Seventh Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium 1997 Detroit, Michigan
4. Burgess, et al “Lower Extremity Injuries in Drivers of Airbag-Equipped Automobiles -Clinical and Crash Reconstruction Correlations,” Journal of Trauma 1995 38 509 516
5. Crandall, et al “The Tibia Index: A Step in the Right Direction,” Proceeding of the TOYOTA International Symposium on Human Life Support Biomechanics January 2000
6. Eppinger, et al “Development of Dummy and Injury Index for NHTSA’s Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program,” SAE Paper No. 840885 1984
7. Funk, J., et al “Experimentally produced Tibial Plateau Fractures,” Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 2000
8. Hirsch, G. Sullivan, L. 36 1965
9. Kitagawa, Y. King, A. Levine, R. “A Severe Ankle and Foot Injury in Frontal Crashes and its Mechanism,” Proceedings of the Forty-Second Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 983145 1998
10. Klopp, G., et al “Mechanisms of Injury and Injury Criteria for the Human Foot and Ankle in Axial Impact to the Foot,” Proceedings of the 1997 IRCOBI Conference Germany September 1997
11. Luchter, S. “Long Term Consequences of Lower Extremity Injuries,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Pelvic and Lower Extremity Injuries Washington, D.C December 1995
12. Manning, P., et al “Dynamic Response and Injury Mechanism in the Human Foot and Ankle and an Analysis of Dummy Biofidelity,” Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Canada, Paper No. 98-S9-O-11 June 1998
13. Melvin, et al “Impact Response and Tolerance of the Lower Extremities,” SAE Paper No. 751159 1975
14. Melvin, J. “Injury Assessment Reference Values for the CRABI 6-Month Infant Dummy in a Rear Facing Infant Restraint with Airbag Deployment,” SAE Paper No. 950872 1995
15. Mertz, et al “Size, Weight and Biomechanical Impact Response Requirements for Adult Size Small Female and Large Male Dummies,” SAE Paper No. 890756 1989
16. Mertz H. “Anthropomorphic Test Devices,” Accidental Injury, Biomechanics, and Prevention Nahum, A. Melvin, J. Springer-Verlag 1993
17. Morgan, et al “Human Cadaver and Hybrid III Responses to Axial Impacts of the Femur,” Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts 1990
18. Nyquist, G., et al “Tibia Bending: Strength and Response” SAE No. 851728 1985
19. Ore, , L. States, J. Tanner, B. “Accident Investigation and Impairment Study of Lower Extremity Injury,” SAE Paper No. 930096 March 1993
20. Paranteau, C. Viano, D. “A New Method to Determine the Biomechanical Properties of Human and Dummy Joints,” Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference Brunnen, Switzerland 1995
21. Paranteau, C. Viano, D. Petit, P. ”Biomechanical Properties of Human Cadaveric Ankle-Subtalar Joints in Quasi-static Loading,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120 1998
22. Petit, P., et al “Quasistatic Characterization of the Human Foot-Ankle Joint in a Simulated Tensed State and Updated Accidentological Data,” Proceedings of the IRCOBI Conference 1996
23. Portier, L., et al “Dynamic Biomechanical Dorsiflexion Responses and Tolerances of the Ankle Joint Complex,” Proceedings of the 41 st Stapp Car Crash Conference 1997
24. Roberts, D. B. Donnelly, B. Severin, C. “Injury Mechanisms and Tolerance of the Human Ankle Joint,” 1993 Centers for Disease Control
25. Schneider, L., et al “Development of Anthrometrically Based Design Specifications for an Advanced Adult Anthropomorphic Dummy Family,” 1 December 1983
26. Schreiber, P., et al “Static and Dynamic Strength of the Leg,” Proceedings of the 1997 IRCOBI Conference Germany September 1997
27. Schuster, et al “Development and Validation of a Pedestrian Lower Limb-Nonlinear 3-D Finite Element Model,” Proceedings of the 44 th Stapp Car Crash Conference 2000
28. Sokol Jaffredo, A. Portier, P. Robin, S. Le Coz, J. Lassau, J. “Cadaver Lower Limb Dynamic Response in Inversion-Eversion,” September 2000
29. Stucki, S. “Determination of Frontal Offset Test Conditions Based on Crash Data,” Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, Canada, Paper No. 98-S1-O-02 June 1998
30. Thomas, P. et al “Lower Limb Injuries - The Effect of Intrusion, Crash Severity and the Pedals on Injury Risk and Injury Type in Frontal Collisions,” Proceedings of the Thirty-Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 952728 1995
31. Viano, D. C. “Considerations for a Femur Injury Criterion,” Proceedings of the Twenty-First Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 770925 1977
32. Viano, D. C., et al “Bolster Impacts to the Knee and Tibia of Human Cadavers and an Anthropomorphic Dummy,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 780896 1978
33. Yamada, H “Strength of Biological Materials,” The Williams & Wilkens Co Baltimore 1970
34. Yoganandan, et al “ Dynamic Axial Tolerance of the Human Foot-Ankle Complex,” Proceedings of the Fortieth Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Paper No. 962426 1996

Cited By