This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Computational Investigation of Water Injection Strategies for Nitric Oxide Reduction in Large-Bore DI Diesel Engines
Technical Paper
2001-01-1069
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
SAE 2001 World Congress
Language:
English
Abstract
Computational investigations have been conducted to study the reduction of nitric oxide formation by means of water injection into the combustion chamber of large-bore diesel engines using a KIVA-based code. The main objective has been the development of an optimal fuel/water injection strategy which minimizes the nitric oxide formation for the same amount of injected water. The investigated water injection techniques include the injection of water via separate injectors, the injection of fuel/water mixtures and the stratified injection of fuel/water packages via specially designed nozzles. Both, the stratified and the emulsified injections yield best NOx reductions per injected water mass for the same power outputs and at identical cylinder peak pressures, depending on the particular injection configuration.
The computational tool is a KIVA-based code where the nitric oxide formation is modeled with a variation of the extended Zeldovich mechanism. This code has been adapted to accommodate the simulation of multiple liquid species in such a way that collisions have been limited to droplets of the same species. Comparative studies have shown that this restriction of the collisions does not significantly influence the spray behavior.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Tanner, F., Brunner, M., and Weisser, G., "A Computational Investigation of Water Injection Strategies for Nitric Oxide Reduction in Large-Bore DI Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 2001-01-1069, 2001, https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1069.Also In
References
- Abraham J. Magi V. A model for multicomponent droplet vaporization in sprays SAE Technical Paper 980511 1998
- Amsden A. A. O'Rourke P. J. Butler T. D. KIVA II: A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays Technical Report LA-11560-MS Los Alamos National Laboratory May 1989
- Bedford F. Rutland Ch. Mechanisms of NO x reduction from water injection in a DI diesel engine Proc. ICE Division of ASME Columbus, IN April 1999
- Bedford F. Rutland Ch. Dittrich P. Raab A. Wirbeleit F. Effects of direct water injection on DI diesel engine combustion SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-2938 2000
- Fan L. A numerical study of water injection effect on NO x emission control for a gas turbine combustor Michigan Technological University 1995
- Glassman I. Combustion Academic Press San Diego, CA third 1996
- Han Z. Uludogan A. Hampson G.J. Reitz R.D. Mechanism of soot and NOx emission reduction using multiple-injection in a diesel engine SAE Technical Paper 960633 1996
- Han Z.Y. Reitz R.D. Turbulence modeling of internal combustion engines using RNG k - ε models Combust. Sci. and Tech. 106 267 295 1995
- Kong S.-C. Han Z. Reitz R. D. The development and application of a diesel ignition and combustion model for multidimensional engine simulation SAE Technical Paper 950278 1995
- Kong S.-C. Reitz R. D. Multidimensional modeling of diesel ignition and combustion using a multistep kinetics model Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115 781 789 1993
- MECHMOD Utility program to CHEMKIN http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/Combustion/mechmod.f 1995
- Miller J.A. Bowman C.T. Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 15 287 22 1989
- Nehmer D.A. Reitz R.D. Measurement of the effect of the injection rate and split injections on diesel engine soot and NOx emissions SAE Technical Paper 940668 1994
- O'Rourke P. J. Collective Drop Effects in Vaporizing Sprays Princeton University 1981
- Patterson M.A. Kong S.-C. Hampson G.J. Reitz R.D. Modeling the effects of fuel injection characteristics on diesel engine soot and NOx emissions SAE Technical Paper 940523 1994
- Patterson M.A. Reitz R.D. Modeling the effects of fuel spray characteristics on diesel engine combustion and emission SAE Technical Paper 980131 1998
- Pierpont D.A. Montgomery D.T. Reitz R.D. Reducing particulate and NOx using multiple injections and EGR in a D.I. diesel SAE Technical Paper 950217 1995
- Pierpont D.A. Reitz R.D. Effects of injection pressure and nozzle geometry on D.I. diesel emissions and performance SAE Technical Paper 950604 1995
- Press W.H. Teukolsky S.A. Vetterling W.T. Flannery B.P. Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing Cambridge University Press second 1992
- Stebler H. Luft- und brennstoffseitige Massnahmen zur internen NOx-Reduktion von schnellaufenden direkteingespritzten Diesel Motoren Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) 1998
- Stebler H. Weisser G. Hörler H.-U. Boulouchos K. Reduction of NOx emissions of D.I. diesel engines by application of the Miller system: An experimental and numerical investigation SAE Technical Paper 960844 1996
- Tanner F. X. Liquid jet atomization and droplet breakup modeling of non-evaporating diesel fuel sprays SAE Paper 970050 , SAE 1997 Transactions Journal of Engines 106 3 127 140 1998
- Tanner F. X. Reitz R. D. Scaling aspects of the characteristic time combustion model in the simulation of diesel engines SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1175 1999
- Tanner F. X. Zhu G.S. Reitz R. D. Non-equilibrium turbulence considerations for combustion processes in the simulation of DI diesel engines SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-0586 2000
- Tow T.C. Pierpont D.A. Reitz R. D. Reducing particulate and NO x emissions by using multiple injections in a heavy duty D.I. diesel engine SAE Technical Paper 940897 1994
- Uludogan A. Xin J. Reitz R. D. Exploring the use of multiple injectors and split injection to reduce DI diesel engine emissions SAE Technical Paper 962058 1996
- Weisser G. Modelling of Combustion and Nitric Oxide Formation for Medium-Size Diesel Engines: Zero and Three-Dimensional Approaches Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
- Weisser G. Tanner F.X. Boulouchos K. Modeling of ignition and early flame development with respect to large diesel engine simulation SAE Paper 981451 , SAE 1998 Transactions Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 107 4 802 811 1999
- Wirbeleit F. Enderle CH. Lehner W. Raab A. Binder K. Stratified diesel fuel-water-diesel fuel injection combined with EGR - the most efficient in-cylinder NOx and PM reduction technology SAE Technical Paper 972962 1997
- Zanforlin S. Reitz R. D. Gentile R. Studying the roles of kinetics and turbulence in the simulation of diesel combustion by means of an extended characteristic-time-model SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1177 1999