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New AIS1 long-term neck injury criteria candidates based on real frontal crash analysis
Technical Paper
2000-13-0019
Published September 20, 2000 by International Research Council on Biokinetics of Impact in Switzerland
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The AIS1 neck injury is the most frequent disabling injury in
frontal impacts. Recent research has shown that, similar to rear
impacts, the crash pulse level rather than the speed change
influence the risk of sustaining a short or long term injury. Also
similar to rear impacts, different injury mechanisms have been
proposed.
In this study, new AIS1 neck injury criteria for frontal impacts
were proposed and evaluated namely
NICprotraction and the established AIS3+
criteria NIJ and upper neck flexion moment
Myflexion. The NICprotraction
calculation is analogous to NICmax shown to be applicable and
relevant for evaluating the neck load in rear-end impacts.
Totally 172 belted occupants involved in 144 real frontal
crashes with recorded crash pulses were simulated and analyzed
using MADYMO models of the HIII 50th percentile male. The injury
outcome in terms of short-term, long-term or no neck injury, as
well as the crash pulse and the utilization of airbag and belt-
pretensioner were known.
At least 70% of the NICprotraction,
NIJ and Myflexion values associated with the
non-injured occupants were lower than the values for at least 70%
of the long-term injured. In the development of frontal impact
protection systems NICprotraction, NIJ
and Myflexion should therefore at least be lower than
AIS1 long-term neck Injury Assessment Reference Values. The rounded
median values for the long-term injured were in this study found to
be 25 m2/s2 for NICprotraction, 0.2 for
NIJ, and 40 Nm for Myflexion.