This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Design and Safety Considerations for Automated Battery Exchange Electric Vehicles
Technical Paper
2000-05-0356
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Language:
English
Abstract
The exchange of the energy storage unit from an electric vehicle is considered an alternative to in-vehicle battery charging. If the exchange process is mechanically assisted or automated, the exchange can potentially be accomplished in much less time than that required for in-vehicle charging. Many means for accomplishing battery exchange have been proposed or attempted, with various degrees of success, from the late 1800's through the present. In recent years, battery exchange methods have not been embraced by the electric vehicle industry, in deference to fast in-vehicle battery charging. Only a small number of semi-automated mechanizations have actually been demonstrated.
The history of electric vehicle battery exchange is reviewed, focusing on innovations and technical lessons learned. Design and deployment considerations are identified for battery exchange in general, and specific embodiments thereof. A technical comparison with fast charging is presented. Possible configurations for automated or assisted battery replacement are reviewed, with advantages and limitations of each discussed. Safety and regulatory considerations, and institutional and technical impediments are cited. The need for battery interface standards is briefly discussed.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | A Review of Battery Exchange Technology for Refueling of Electric Vehicles |
Authors
Citation
MacCarley, C., "Design and Safety Considerations for Automated Battery Exchange Electric Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2000-05-0356, 2000.Also In
References
- Wakefield, Ernest Henry History of the Electric Automobile: Battery-Only Powered Cars SAE Publications Warrendale, PA 1994
- Flink, James J. America Adopts the Automobile, 1885-1910 MIT Press Cambridge MA 1970
- “The Electric Cab Service of New York City” Scientific American March 25 1899 184
- Hamilton, William Electric Automobiles McGraw-Hill N.Y. 1980 173
- Weeks, R. A Refueling Infrastructure for Electric Cars Berkshire, England 1978
- Gambirasio, G. Ferreira, J.A. Po, W. Refueling of Urban Electric Vehicles Electric Vehicle Council Paper No. 8350, presented at EVC Expo Detroit, MI Oct. 4-6 1983
- Dietrich, Eckhard O. Field Test Experience With Electric Vehicles . SAE paper No. 810489 “Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Progress” 1981
- Collie, M.J. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles . Appendix C - Batteries for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Noyes Data Corp. Park Ridge, New Jersey 1979 78
- Hafer, Paul R. Electrically Driven Vehicles Jan. 2 1973
- Wyczalek, F.A. Earle, M. Sloan, D.E. Standish, F. Tetherow, J. Propulsion Technology: an Overview Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. July 1992
- MacCarley, C.A. Final Project Report Rapid Battery Interchange for Electric Vehicles, Phase 1A: Analysis and Feasibility Assessment Prepared for Pacific Gas and Electric Co. Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo 1993
- Kappei, Friedhelm Mounting Support for the Battery Box in the Carriage of Battery Driven Vehicles US Patent No. 3,838,745 Oct. 1 1974
- Green Car Journal Patent Intelligence Published by Green Car Media February 1993 23
- Putt, Ronald A. Merry, G.W. Swaroop, Robert B. Zinc-Air Range Batteries For Electric Vans EPRI Project Report RP2415-28 November 1991
- General Motors Corp. Progress Report, Electric Vehicles, Summer 1992 GM Resource Center Detroit, Mich. 1992
- Ziganti, Alison C. Brown, Paul J. EVAA Information Network Newsletter Electric Vehicle Association of the Americas Cupertino, Calif. 4 May 1992 2
- Gwyn, Marion V. Battery Replacement System for Electric Vehicles US Patent No. 4,450,400 May 22 1984
- Associated Press “Battery leak during electric car race hospitalizes 15” San Luis Obispo Telegram Tribune April 28 1992
- Mader, Gerald H. EVDC Information Network Newsletter “Nissan Quick Charging System” Electric Vehicle Development Corp. Cupertino, California Sept. 1991 2
- Risser, Roland J. EVAA Information Network Newsletter Electric Vehicle Association of the Americas Cupertino, Calif. 8 Oct. 1992 3
- Palvoelgyi, S. Stangl, PK. Crashworthiness of the Electric G-Van. Contained in Electric Vehicle Technology SAE 1-56091-026-7 99-105 Feb. 1990