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Car Driver Inactivations in Real-World Precrash Phase
Technical Paper
2000-01-C007
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This study discusses the potential influence of non-driving
tasks on the performance of drivers and on the increased risk of
involvement in a traffic accident. It is based upon a review of the
literature and results of two research projects carried out in
France.
As a complement to experiments on avoidance maneuvers in a
simulated accident situation, subjects were asked to rate both
their frequencies and subjective risk level for 18 actions
involving secondary tasks such as using a phone when driving.
Answers given by French subjects are compared to those given by
Japanese subjects. It was clear that actions considered as risky
are seldom declared and that secondary tasks are often considered
as risky whenever they require hand or visual distraction.
The accident sample contains several hundred personal injury car
crashes, studied in-depth and on the scene from 1995 to 1999 by a
team of accidentologists including a psychologist. All the
accidents were investigated using a cognitive and a full cinematic
reconstruction of the pre-crash phase. Driver functional failures
and error mechanisms, although not directly observable, are
inferred from the characteristics of the task and the external
appearance of the error. Driver functional failures and error
mechanisms (risk taking, unavailability of information, personal
errors and under-activation) are analyzed. It appeared that
secondary tasks have a low prevalence amongst at- fault drivers but
should be considered as contributing to the accident.
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