Biologically Inspired Recognition Chemistry for Biosensors

Ion-selective electrodes and optodes represent a class of sensors of high importance to both environmental and clinical analysis. These sensors are also well suited for use in life-support systems. Critical to the successful development of these sensors is the availability of ion carriers or ionophores with the desired molecular recognition properties. In this article, the use of guanidinium compounds as ionophores in anion-selective electrodes and optodes is discussed. In addition, biologically inspired strategies used for the creation of cavities and clefts in the ionophore are exemplified with the development of a sulfate-selective ionophore.