This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effects of Oil-Derived Contaminants on Emissions from TWC-Equipped Vehicles
Technical Paper
2000-01-1881
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Advances in fuel control strategy, emission system architecture, and catalyst technology have led to dramatic decreases in exhaust emissions in recent years. To continue this trend, especially at high mileages, the impact of engine oil derived contaminants will need to be minimized. In this study, the deactivating effects of oil-derived contaminants on advanced catalyst technologies was assessed using an oxalic acid washing technique to remove phosphorus and other oil-derived contaminants from fleet-aged automotive three-way exhaust catalysts. Acid washing removed most of the phosphorus on the catalyst (chief poison associated with decomposition of the engine oil antiwear additive ZDDP) without significantly affecting other catalyst properties. Catalysts from eight high-mileage vehicles were analyzed, representing four vehicle families. Averages taken over all of the catalyst systems showed substantial decreases in FTP emissions resulting from acid washing: 42% for HC, 20% for CO, and 35% for NOx. A measure of light-off performance, termed inefficiency-seconds, was found to be a convenient and accurate method for quantifying the impact of oil contaminants on catalyst activity. The results suggest that no more than 2-5 g P/Lcat can be tolerated on the front catalyst bricks of vehicles targeted for ULEV emission standards.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Darr, S., Choksi, R., Hubbard, C., Johnson, M. et al., "Effects of Oil-Derived Contaminants on Emissions from TWC-Equipped Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1881, 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1881.Also In
References
- Summers J.C. Skowron J.F. Miller M.J. “Use of Light-Off Catalysts to Meet the California LEV/ULEV Standards,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 930386 1993
- Ball D. “Distribution of Warm-Up and Underfloor Catalyst Volumes,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 922338 1992
- Hu Z. Heck R.M. “High Temperature Ultra Stable Close-Coupled Catalysts,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 950254 1995
- Zhang G. Hirota T. Hosokawa Y. Muraki M. “Thermally Stable Pt/Rh Catalysts,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 972909 1997
- Gulati S.T. Jones L.F. Brady M.J. Baker R. Kessler B. Zammit M. Snider B. Rajadurai S. “Advanced Three-Way Converter System for High Temperature Exhaust Aftertreatment,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 970265 1997
- Williamson W.B. Perry J. Gandhi H.S. Bomback J.L. “Effects of Oil Phosphorus on Deactivation of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts,” Applied Catalysis 15 1985 277
- Williamson W.B. Perry J. Goss R.L. Gandhi H.S. Beason R.E. “Catalyst Deactivation Due to Glaze Formation from Oil-Derived Phosphorus and Zinc,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 841406 1984
- Niura Y. Ohkubo K. Ihara K. “Phosphorus Compound Effects on Catalyst Deterioration and Remedies,” Mazda Technical Review No. 4 1986
- Liu D.R. Park J.S. “Electron Microprobe Characterization of Phosphorus Containing Deposits on Used Automotive Catalyst Surfaces,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2 1993 49
- Ueda F. Sugiyama S. Arimura K. Hamaguchi S. Akiyama K. “Engine Oil Additive Effects on Deactivation of of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts and Oxygen Sensors,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 940746 1994
- Inoue K. Kurahashi T. Negishi T. Akiyama K. Arimura K. Tasaka K. “Effects of Phosphorus and Ash Contents of Engine Oils on Deactivation of Monolithic Three-Way Catalysts and Oxygen Sensors,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 920654 1992
- Kim S. D'Aniello, M.J. Jr. “Analytical Electron Microscopy Study of Two Vehicle-Aged Automotive Exhaust Catalysts having Dissimilar Activities,” Applied Catalysis 56 1989 23
- Culley S.A. McDonnell T.F. Ball D.J. Kirby C.W. Hawes S.W. “The Impact of Passenger Car Motor Oil Phosphorus Levels on Automotive Emissions Control Systems,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 961898 1996
- Beck D.D. Sommers J.W. Dimaggio C.L. Monroe D.R. Frank D.A. “Impact of Oil-Derived Catalyst Poisons on FTP Performance of LEV Catalyst Systems,” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 972842 1997
- Beck D.D. Sommers J.W. DiMaggio C.L. “Axial Characterization of Catalytic Activity in Close-Coupled Lightoff and Underfloor Catalytic Converters,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 11 1997 257
- Angelidis T. N. Papadakis V.G. “Partial Regeneration of an Aged Commercial Automotive Catalyst,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 12 1997 193
- D'Aniello, M. J. Jr.
- Shigapov A.N. Graham G.W. McCabe R.W. Peck M. Paputa Plummer, H.K. Jr. “The Preparation of High-Surface-Area Cordierite Monolith by Acid Treatment,” Applied Catalysis A: General 182 1999 137