This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Full Fuel–Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas
Technical Paper
2000-01-1505
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Because of its abundance and because it offers significant energy and environmental advantages, natural gas has been promoted for use in motor vehicles. A number of transportation fuels are produced from natural gas; each is distinct in terms of upstream production activities and vehicle usage. In this paper, we present greenhouse gas emission impacts of using various natural gas–based transportation fuels. We include eight fuels – compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, hydrogen, dimethyl ether, Fischer–Tropsch diesel, and electricity – for use in five types of motor vehicles – spark–ignition vehicles, compression–ignition vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, battery–powered electric vehicles, and fuel–cell vehicles. In our evaluation, we separate these fuels and vehicle technologies into near– and long–term options to address technology progress over time. Because of great uncertainties associated with advances in both fuel production and vehicle technologies, we establish both an “incremental technology scenario” and a “leap–forward technology scenario” to cover a range of potential technology improvements. Our study reveals that, in general, the use of natural gas–based fuels reduces greenhouse gas emissions relative to use of petroleum–based gasoline and diesel, although different fuels in different vehicle technologies can have significantly different emissions impacts.
Recommended Content
Topic
Citation
Wang, M. and He, D., "Full Fuel–Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas," SAE Technical Paper 2000-01-1505, 2000, https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1505.Also In
SAE 2000 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems
Number: V109-6; Published: 2001-09-15
Number: V109-6; Published: 2001-09-15
References
- Abe, A. et al. 1998 “Studies of the Large–Scale Sea Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23 2 115 121
- Ahmed, S. et al. 1999 “Gas–to–Liquid Synthetic Fuels for Use in Fuel Cells: Reformability, Energy Density, and Infrastructure Compatibility,” 3 rd International Fuel Cell Conference Nov. 30 Dec. 3 Nagoya, Japan
- Allard, M. 1999 “CO 2 Emissions from Methanol Production,” American Methanol Institute Washington, D.C. Aug. 6
- Choi, G.N. et al. 1997 “Design and Economics of a Fischer–Tropsch Plant for Converting Natural Gas to Liquid Transportation Fuels,” Clean Fuels Symposium, Division of Fuel Chemistry, American Chemical Society Meeting San Francisco, Calif. April 13–17
- Choi, G.N. et al. 1997 “Design/Economics of a Once–Through Natural Gas Fischer–Tropsch Plant with Power Co–Production,” 1997 Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuels Contractors Review Conference Pittsburgh, Penn. Sept. 3–4
- Doss, E.D. et al. 1998 Hydrogen–Fueled Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Aug.
- Dybkjar, I.B. 1996 “Large–Scale Conversion of Natural Gas to Liquid Products,” 1996 Middle East Refining and Petrochemicals Conference and Exhibition Bahrain June 10–12
- Dybkjar, I.B. et al. 1998 “Advanced Reforming Technologies for Hydrogen Production,” International Journal of Hydrocarbon Engineering Dec. Jan. 1997 98 1 8
- Energy Information Administration 1998 International Energy Annual 1996 Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. Feb.
- Hansen, J.B. et al. 1995 “Large–Scale Manufacture of Dimethyl Ether – a New Alternative Diesel Fuel from Natural Gas,” SAE technical paper 950063 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, Penn.
- Kikkawa, Y. Aoki I. 1999 “Gas to Liquid of 21 st Century,” 1999 Spring Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Houston, Tex. March 14–18
- Marshall, C. 1999 Electrochemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Jan. 20
- Oei, D. et al. 1997 Direct–Hydrogen–Fueled Proton–Exchange–Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications, Conceptual Vehicle Design Report for Pure Fuel Cell Powertrain Vehicle U.S. Department of Energy Ford Motor Company Directed Technologies, Inc. Feb.
- Oei, D. et al. 1997 Direct–Hydrogen–Fueled Proton–Exchange–Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications, Conceptual Vehicle Design Report for Battery Augmented Fuel Cell Powertrain Vehicle U.S. Department of Energy Ford Motor Company Directed Technologies, Inc. July
- Pentastar Electronics, Inc. 1997 Direct–Hydrogen–Fueled Proton–Exchange–Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications, Conceptual Design Report U.S. Department of Energy Huntsville, Ala. March
- Russell, B. 1999 Syntroleum Corporation Tulsa, Okla. Jan. 27
- Schimmoller, B.K. 1998 “Technology Pushes Gas Turbines Higher,” Power Engineering 102 4 17 24
- Specht, M. et al. 1998 “Comparison of the Renewable Transportation Fuels, Liquid Hydrogen and Methanol, with Gasoline–Energetic and Economic Aspects,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23 5 387 398
- Stodolsky, F. et al. 1999 “Total Fuel–Cycle Impacts of Advanced Vehicles,” SAE 1999–01–0322 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, Penn.
- Thomas, C.E. et al. 1997 Direct–Hydrogen–Fueled Proton–Exchange–Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Application, Hydrogen Infrastructure Report U.S. Department of Energy Directed Technologies, Inc. Arlington, Va. July
- Thomas, C.E. et al. 1998 Integrated Analysis of Hydrogen Passenger Vehicle Transportation Pathways U.S. Department of Energy's Annual Hydrogen Program Review Alexandria, Va. April
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–1997 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation Washington, D.C. April
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Energy 1999 Model Year 2000 Fuel Economy Guide www.fueleconomy.gov Nov.
- Vyas, A.D. et al. 1997 Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Technology Assessment Based on a Two–Stage Delphi Study Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Dec.
- Wagner, U. et al. 1998 “Energy Life–Cycle Analysis of Hydrogen System,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 23 1 1 6
- Wang, M. et al. 1998 Assessment of PNGV Fuels Infrastructure, Phase 2 Report: Additional Capital Needs and Fuel–Cycle Energy and Emissions Impacts Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Aug.
- Wang, M. 1999 GREET 1.5 – Transportation Fuel–Cycle Model, Volume 1: Methodology, Development, Use, and Results 1 Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Aug.
- Wang, M. 1999 GREET 1.5 – Transportation Fuel–Cycle Model, Volume 2: Appendices of Data and Results 2 Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, Ill. Aug.
- Wang, M. Huang H. 1999 A Full Fuel–Cycle Analysis of Energy and Emissions Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory Dec. Argonne, Ill.