This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Engine-Out Emissions from a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) Engine
Technical Paper
1999-01-1529
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of operating parameters (speed, load, spark-timing, EGR, and end of fuel injection timing [EOI]) on engine-out, regulated (total HC, NOx, and CO) and speciated HC emissions have been investigated for a 1.83 L direct-injection, spark-ignition (DISI) engine. As the EOI is varied over the range from high to low stratification with other engine parameters held constant, the mole fractions of all regulated emissions vary sharply over relatively small (10-20 crank angle degrees [CAD]) changes in EOI, suggesting that emissions are very sensitive to the evaporation, mixing, and motion of the stratified fuel cloud prior to ignition. The contribution of unburned fuel to the HC emissions decreases while the olefinic partial oxidation products increase as the fuel stratification increases, increasing the smog reactivity of the HC in the exhaust gas by 25%. Varying the engine speed at fixed EOI demonstrates that the emissions trends are strongly affected by the degree of stratification. For early fuel injection (low stratification), increasing the speed causes the HC emissions to decrease and the NOx emissions to increase similar to homogeneous-charge SI engines. For late fuel injection (maximum stratification), opposite trends are observed - increasing speed results in lower NOx and higher HC emissions. These results show that the details of the fuel cloud evaporation, mixing, and location relative to the spark plug strongly influence the emissions from DISI engines. Furthermore, conventional (homogeneous-charge) wisdom regarding engine emissions is not necessarily applicable to DISI engines operated with high fuel stratification.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Kaiser, E., Siegl, W., Brehob, D., and Haghgooie, M., "Engine-Out Emissions from a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) Engine," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1529, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1529.Also In
References
- Brehob, D. D. Fleming, J. E. Haghgooie, M. Stein, R. A. “Stratified-Charge Engine Fuel Economy and Emissions Characteristics,” SAE Technical Paper No. 982704 1998
- Cole, R. L. Poola, R. B. Sekar, R. “Exhaust Emissions of a Vehicle with a Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 982605 1998
- Iwamoto, Y. Noma, K. Nakayama, O. Yamauchi, T. Ando, H. “Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 970541 1997
- Kaiser, E. W. Siegl, W. O. “High-Resolution Gas Chromatographic Determination of the Atmospheric Reactivity of Engine-Out Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spark-Ignited Engine,” J. High Resolution Chromatography 17 264 1994
- Maricq, M. M. Podsiadlik, D. H. Brehob, D. D. Haghgooie, M. “Particulate Emissions from a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 1999-01-1530 1999
- Kaiser, E. W. Siegl, W. O. Henig, Y. I. Anderson, R. W. Trinker, F. H. “Effect of Fuel Structure on Emissions from a Spark-Ignited Engine,” Environ. Sci. Technol. 25 2005 1991
- Kaiser, E. W. Rothschild, W. G. Lavoie, G. A. “Storage and Partial Oxidation of Unburned Hydrocarbons in Spark-Ignited Engines - Effect of Compression Ratio and Spark Timing,” Comb. Sci. Technol. 36 171 1984
- Kaiser, E. W. Siegl, W. O. Trinker, F. H. Cotton, D. F. Cheng, W. K. Drobot, K. “Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Hydrocarbon Oxidation in the Exhaust Port and Runner of a Spark-Ignited Engine,” SAE Technical Paper No. 950159 1995
- Kaiser, E. W. Rothschild, W. G. Lavoie, G. A. “Effect of Fuel and Operating Variables on Hydrocarbon Species Distributions in the Exhaust from a Multicylinder Engine,” Comb. Sci. Technol. 32 245 1983
- Carter, W. P. L. “Development of Ozone Reactivity Scales for Volatile Organic Compounds,” J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 44 881 1994
- Miller, R. H. Russ, S. G. Weaver, C. E. Kaiser, E. W. Newman, C. “Comparison of Analytically and Experimentally Obtained Residual Fractions in Spark-Ignited Engines,” SAE Technical Paper No. 982562 1998
- Heywood, J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw Hill New York 1988 841
- Kaiser, E. W.