This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Pivotal Role of Crankcase Oil in Preventing Soot Wear and Extending Filter Life in Low Emission Diesel Engines
Technical Paper
1999-01-1525
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In order to meet EPA's emission requirements for 1999 diesel engines, soot levels in the crankcase oil will increase significantly due to retarded timing to lower NOx. This study uses the Cummins M11 engine at soot levels up to 9% in the crankcase oil to demonstrate how oils can be formulated to prevent valve train wear, extend filter life, and maintain oil pumpability.
The study includes the oil formulation development and the evaluation of API CG-4/SJ oils at 4.5% soot and API CH-4/SJ oils at 9% soot. In addition it includes X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for surface film analysis and Surface Optical Profilometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the valve train valve-bridges and rocker pads to determine the mechanism of failure. The oil's low temperature rheology as it affects oil pumpability is defined by Mini Rotary Viscometer (MRV TP-1), Scanning Brookfield Test (SBT), and Cold Cranking Simulator (CCS).
The most vulnerable part of the engine to soot aggravated wear is the valve-train system, which has components such as the valve-bridges and injector adjusting screws, operating under boundary lubrication conditions. The key to low valve train wear in the diesel engine is the proper selection of zinc dithiophosphates (ZnDTPs), detergent, dispersant, and V.I. improver type and level. The phosphorous, sulfur, and zinc from the ZnDTP must adsorb, react, and remain as an intact film on the wear surfaces, in spite of soot, which can remove this protective film. Soot dispersancy is critical to filter life and oil pumpability, which are very dependent on ashless dispersant, V.I. improver, and base oil type.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Piston Ring Pack and Cylinder Wear Modelling |
| Technical Paper | New Diesel Engine Oil Category for 1998: API CH-4 |
| Technical Paper | A Study of Particulate Formation on the Combustion Chamber Wall |
Authors
Citation
Mc Geehan, J., Alexander, W., Ziemer, J., Roby, S. et al., "The Pivotal Role of Crankcase Oil in Preventing Soot Wear and Extending Filter Life in Low Emission Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1525, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1525.Also In
References
- Ward's Engine and Vehicle Technology “EPA Truck Diesel Action Raises Questions,” 24 22 November 15 1998
- Wall J. C. “Impact of U.S. Emissions Regulations on Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Development in the 1990s,” Congress International, “Moteurs Diesel” Perspecitive 1990-2000 Societe des Ingenieurs de Automobiles Lyon, France July 12-13 1990
- Needham J. R. Doyle D. M. Nicol A. J. “The Low NO x Truck Engine” SAE Paper 910731 1991
- Munro R. “Emissions Impossible-The Piston and Ring Support,” SAE Paper 900590 1990
- Richards R. R. Sibley J. E. “Diesel Engine Emission Control for the 1990's,” SAE Paper 880346 1988
- Mc Geehan J. A. Shamah E. Couch M. C. Parker R. A. “Selecting Diesel Crankcase Oils to Use With Low-Sulfur Fuel,” SAE Paper 932845 1993
- Wall J. C. Hoekman S. K. “Fuel Composition Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Particulate Emissions,” SAE Paper 841364 1984
- Hiden D. L. Mayer W. J. “The Contribution of Engine Oil to Particulate Exhaust Emissions From Light-Duty Diesel Powered Vehicles,” SAE Paper 841395 1984
- Essig G. Kamp H. Wacker E. “Diesel Engine Emission Reduction-The Benefits of Low Oil Consumption Design,” SAE Paper 900591 1990
- Stehouwer D. M. “Design & Testing of ASTM Reference Filters for Cummins M11 High Soot Test,” ASTM Cummins M11 Task-Force Meeting April 7 1997
- Mc Geehan J. A. Franklin T. M. Bondarowicz F. Bowen T. Wang J. Graham J. P. Fetterman G. Quinn M. J. Juett R. L. Larkin D. Lee R. Kennedy S. Marn D. Buscher, W. Jr. Olree B. Passut C. Shank G. Lawrence B. “New Diesel Engine Oil Category for 1998: API CH-4,” SAE Paper 981371 1998
- Mc Geehan J. A. Rynbrandt J. D. Hansel T. J. “Effect of Oil Formulations in Minimizing Viscosity Increase and Sludge Due to Diesel Engine Soot,” SAE Paper 841370 1984
- Bardasz E. A. Carrick V. A. George H. F. Graf M. M. Kornbrekke R. E. Pocinki S. B. “Understanding Soot Mediated Oil Thickening Through Designed Experimentation Part 4: Mack T-8 Test,” SAE Paper 971693 1997
- Mc Geehan J. A. Rutherford J. A. Couch M. C. “Clean Diesel Exhaust But Sooty Engines: The Importance of the Crankcase Oil,” SAE Paper 912342 1991
- Ryason P. R. Hansen T. P. “Voluminosity of Soot Aggregates: Means Characterizing Soot-Laden Oils,” SAE Paper 912343 1991
- Sztenderowicz M. L. “Base Oils to Meet Future Lubricant Requirements ILSAC & Beyond,” National Petroleum Refiners Association March 16-18 1997
- Selby T. W. “The Use of the Scanning Brookfield Technique to Study the Critical Degree of Gelatin of Lubricants at Low Temperatures,” SAE Paper 910746 1991
- Alexander A. G. May C. J. Smith C. R. “Factors Affecting Pumpability in Heavy Duty Diesel Truck Engines at Low Ambient Temperatures,” SAE Paper 912337 1991
- Machleder Warren H. O'Mara James H. “Low Temperature Pumpability Studies in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine- Part IV,” SAE Paper 922384 1992
- Stambaugh R. L. O'Mare J. H. “Low Temperature Flow Properties of Engine Oils,” SAE Paper 820509 1982
- Coy R. C. Jones R. B. “The Thermal Degradation and EP Performance of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additives in White Oil,” ASLE Transactions 24 1 77 90
- Coy R. C. Jones R. B. “The Degradation of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate Additive in Rigs and Engines,” I Mech E. 1982
- Mc Geehan J. A. Yamaguchi E. S. “Gasoline-Engine Camshaft Wear: The Culprit is Blow-By,” SAE Paper 891221 1989
- Mc Geehan J. A. Yamaguchi E. S. Adams J. Q. “Some Effects of Zinc Dithiophosphates and Detergents on Controlling Engine Wear,” SAE Paper 852133 1985
- Yin Z. Karsrai M. Bancroft G. M. Laycock K. F. Tan K. H. Trib. Int. 26 6 383 388 1993
- Kuo C. C. Passut C. A. Jao T. Csontos A. A. Howe J. M. “Wear Mechanism in Cummins M11 High Soot Diesel Test Engines,” SAE Paper 981372 1998
- Changsoo K. Passut C. A. Zang D. M. “Relationships Among Oil Composition, Combustion Generated Soot, Diesel Engine Valve Train Wear,” SAE Paper 922199 1992
- Rounds F. G. “Carbon: Causes of Wear,” SAE Paper 770829 1977
- Corso S. Adamo R. “The Effect of Diesel Soot on Reactivity of Oil Additives and Valve Train Materials,” SAE Paper 841369 1984
- Hirose Y. Kunoki T. Kawashima K. Kanai S. Hirmai K. “Development of a New Multigrade Engine Oil for Improved Wear Resistance in Heavy Vehicle Diesel Engines - Part I: Diesel Soot and Valve Train Wear,” SAE Paper 852134 1985
- Nagai I. Endo H. Nakamura H. Yano H. “Soot and Valve Train Wear in Passenger Car Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper 831757 1983
- Yoshihara T. Wakizono T. Hara H. Nakagawa E. “Effects of Engine Oil Additives and Carbon Particles on Valve Train Wear of Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper 831759 1983
- Colacicco P. Mazuyer D. “The Role of Soot Aggregation on the Lubrication of Diesel Engines,” STLE Tribology Transactions 38 4 959 965 1995
- Bardasz E. A. Carrick V. A. George H. F. Graf M. M. Kornbrekke R. E. Pocinki S. B. “Understanding Soot Mediated Oil Thickening Through Designed Experimentation - Part 5: Knowledge Enhancement in the GM 6.5L,” SAE Paper 972952 1997
- Mainwaring R. “Soot and Wear in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper 971631 1997
- Ryason P. R. Chan I. Y. Gilmore J. T. “Polishing Wear by Soot,” Wear 137 1524 1990