This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Diesel and CNG Transit Bus Emissions Characterization by Two Chassis Dynamometer Laboratories: Results and Issues
Technical Paper
1999-01-1469
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Emissions of six 32 passenger transit buses were characterized using one of the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Emissions Testing Laboratories, and the fixed base chassis dynamometer at the Colorado Institute for Fuels and High Altitude Engine Research (CIFER). Three of the buses were powered with 1997 ISB 5.9 liter Cummins diesel engines, and three were powered with the 1997 5.9 liter Cummins natural gas (NG) counterpart. The NG engines were LEV certified. Objectives were to contrast the emissions performance of the diesel and NG units, and to compare results from the two laboratories. Both laboratories found that oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter (PM) emissions were substantially lower for the natural gas buses than for the diesel buses. It was observed that by varying the rapidity of pedal movement during accelerations in the Central Business District cycle (CBD), CO and PM emissions from the diesel buses could be varied by a factor of three or more. The driving styles may be characterized as aggressive and non-aggressive, but both styles followed the CBD speed command acceptably. PM emissions were far higher for the aggressive driving style. For the NG fueled vehicles driving style had a similar, although smaller, effect on NOx. It is evident that driver habits may cause substantial deviation in emissions for the CBD cycle. When the CO emissions are used as a surrogate for driver aggression, a regression analysis shows that NOx and PM emissions from the two laboratories agree closely for equivalent driving style. Implications of driver habit for emissions inventories and regulations are briefly considered.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Nigel N. Clark - West Virginia Univ.
- Mridul Gautam - West Virginia Univ.
- Byron L. Rapp - West Virginia Univ.
- Donald W. Lyons - West Virginia Univ.
- Michael S. Graboski - Colorado School of Mines
- Robert L. McCormick - Colorado School of Mines
- Teresa L. Alleman - Colorado School of Mines
- Paul Norton - National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Topic
Citation
Clark, N., Gautam, M., Rapp, B., Lyons, D. et al., "Diesel and CNG Transit Bus Emissions Characterization by Two Chassis Dynamometer Laboratories: Results and Issues," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1469, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1469.Also In
References
- Kittleson, D.B. Johnson, J.H. “Variability in Particulate Emissions Measurements in the Heavy Duty Transient Test,” Society of Automotive Engineers Tech. Pap. No. 910738 1991
- Clark, N.N. Gautam, M. Boyce, J.A. Wang, W.G. Lyons, D.W. “Emissions Performance of Natural Gas and Diesel Fueled School Buses with Cummins 8.3 liter Engines” ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Conf. Columbus, In. 1999
- Clark, N.N. Lyons, D.W. Rapp, B.L Gautam, M. Wang, W.G. Norton, P. White, C. Chandler, C. “Emissions from Trucks and Buses Powered by Cummins L-10 Natural Gas Engines” Society of Automotive Engineers Tech. Pap. No. 981393 1998
- Clark, N.N. Lyons, D.W. Bata, R.M. Gautam, M. Wang, W.G. Norton, P. Chandler, K. “Natural Gas and Diesel Transit Bus Emissions: Review and Recent Data” Society of Automotive Engineers Tech. Pap. No. 973203 1997
- Yanowitz, J. Graboski, M.S. Ryan, L.B.A. Alleman, T.L. McCormick, R.L. “Chassis Dynamometer Study of Emissions from 21 In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles” Environ. Sci. Technol.
- Clark, N.N. Lyons, D.W. “Class 8 Truck Emissions Testing: Effects of Test Cycles and Data on Biodiesel Operation” American Society of Agricultural Engineers Meeting Orlando, Fl. July 1998 ASAE Paper 986082
- Clark, N. Gautam M. Bata R. Wang W. Loth J. Palmer G. M. Lyons D. “Design and Operation of a New Transportable Laboratory for Emissions Testing of Heavy Duty Trucks and Buses,” Heavy Vehicle Systems, International Journal of Vehicle Design 2 3 4 308 322 1995
- Gautam M. Clark N. Lyons D. Long T. Jr. Howell A. Loth J. Palmer G. Wang W. Bata R. “Design Overview of a Heavy Duty Mobile Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratory,” Proceedings of the ASME Annual Meeting Atlanta, GA December 1-6 1991 Advanced Automotive Technology 40 ASME 1991
- Urban, C.M. “Dynamometer Simulation of Truck and Bus Road Horsepower for Transient Emissions Evaluations” Society of Automotive Engineers Tech. Pap. No. 840349 1984
- McCormick, R.L. Ross, J.D. Graboski, M.S. “Effect of Several Oxygenates on Regulated Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines” Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997 31 1144
- Russell, A. Milford, J. Bergin, M.S. McBrice, S. McNair, L. Yang, Y. Stockwell, W.R. Croes, B. “Urban Ozone Control and Atmospheric Reactivity of Organic Gases” Science 1995 269 491
- Mandel, J. The Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data 288 Dover Publications, Inc New York, New York 1984
- Graboski, M.S. McCormick R.L. Newlin A.W. Dunnuck D.L. Kamel M.M. Ingle W.D. “Effect of Fuel Composition and Altitude on Regulated Emissions from a Lean-Burn, Closed Loop Controlled Natural Gas Engine” Society of Automotive Engineers Paper No. , 971707 1997