This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements
Technical Paper
1999-01-1142
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Particle size distribution and number concentration measurements have been made in the diluted exhaust of a medium-duty, turbocharged, aftercooled, direct-injection Diesel engine using a unique variable residence time micro-dilution system that allows systematic variation of dilution and sampling conditions, and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The measurements show that the number concentrations in the nanoparticle (Dp < 50 nm) and the ultrafine (Dp < 100 nm) ranges are very sensitive to dilution conditions and fuel sulfur content. Changes in concentration of up to two orders of magnitude have been observed when conditions are varied over the range that might be encountered in typical laboratory dilution systems. For example, at a dilution ratio of 12, dilution temperature of 32 °C, and a residence time of 1000 ms, the number concentrations reach 6 × 108 part./cm3, while at dilution ratio of 40, temperature of 48 °C, and a residence time of 1000 ms, the concentrations decrease to about 0.15 × 108 part./cm3. The use of ultra low sulfur fuel (10 PPM sulfur by mass) results in 70 % reduction of the total number emission of nanoparticles when compared with D-2 (400 PPM sulfur by mass).
It is believed that the dilution conditions are influencing the nucleation rate of sulfuric acid/water particles and their subsequent growth as a result of absorption of sulfuric acid, water, and hydrocarbon species, during dilution and cooling of hot exhaust.
Test Conditions that favor the formation and measurement of increased Diesel particle number concentrations are; lower dilution temperature, lower dilution ratio, longer residence time, higher relative humidity, and higher fuel sulfur content. Conversely, lower particle number concentrations are favored by; higher dilution temperature, higher dilution ratio, shorter residence time, lower relative humidity, and lower fuel sulfur content. These results show that experimental dilution conditions must be reported in detail if particle number concentrations are to be compared and interpreted.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Abdul-Khalek, I., Kittelson, D., and Brear, F., "The Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1142, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-1142.Also In
References
- Bagley, S. T. Baumgard K.J. Gratz L.D. Johnson J.H. Leddy D.G. 1996 Characterization of Fuel and Aftertreatment Device Effects on Diesel Emissions Health Effects Institute Research Report No. 76 88
- CONCAWE 1998 A Study of the Number, Size & Mass ofExhaust Particles Emitted from European Diesel and Gasoline Vehicles Under Steady-state and European Driving Cycle Conditions D. E. Hall Chairman Brussels, Belgium 56
- Greenwood, S. J. Coxon J. E. Biddulph T. Bennett J. 1996 An Investigation to Determine the Exhaust Particulate Size Distributions for Diesel, Petrol, and Compressed Natural Gas Fuelled Vehicles SAE Technical Paper Series, No. 961085
- Kruger, M. et al. 1997 Influence of Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment on Particulate Characteristics of Vehicle Diesel Engines Research Report of the Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e.V. (FVV) 58 27 30
- Luders, H. 1997 Effect of Measurement Conditions on Ultrafine Particle Emissions Proceedings of the First International ETH-Workshop on Nanoparticle Measurement Mayer A. Zurich, Switzerland
- Mayer, A. et al. 1998 VERT: Diesel Nanoparticles Emissions: Properties and Reduction Strategies SAE 980593 12
- Kittelson, D. B. et al. 1988 Characterization of Diesel Particles in the Atmosphere Coordinating Research Council AP-2 Project Group Final Report Kittelson, D. B. et al. 1988 Characterization of Diesel Particles in the Atmosphere Coordinating Research Council AP-2 Project Group Final Report
- Weingartner, E. et al. 1997 Aerosol Emission in a Road Tunnel Atmosph. Environ. 31 3 451 462
- Harrison, R. M. et al. 1996 Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom Third Report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK 176
- Whitby, K. T. et al. 1975 Characterization of California Aerosols - 1. Size Distributions of Freeway Aerosol Atmosph. Environ. 9 463 482
- Wilson, W. E. et al. 1977 General Motors Sulfate Dispersion Experiment: Summary of EPA Measurements JAPCA 27 1 46 51
- Abdul-Khalek, I. S. Kittelson D. B. Brear F. 1998 Diesel Trap Performance: Particle Size Measurements and Trends SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. No. 982599
- Abdul-Khalek, I. S. Kittelson D. B. Graskow B. R. Wei Q. Brear F. 1998 Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends SAE paper number 98P-353
- Flagan, R.C. Wang S.C. “Sanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer” Aerosol Science and Technology 13 1990
- Abdul-Khalek, I. S. “Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust nanoparticle emissions: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Assessment” University of Minnesota 1999
- Baumgard, K. “The effect of Fuel and Engine Design on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distributions” Michigan Technological University 1995
- Ping, J Harrison R.M. Brear F. “Ultrafine Particle formatin during Diesel exhaust dilution” Second International ETH-Workshop on Nanoparticle Measurement August 1998