Diesel Combustion: An Integrated View Combining Laser Diagnostics, Chemical Kinetics, And Empirical Validation

Authors

• Patrick F. Flynn - Cummins Engine Company
• Russell P. Durrett - Cummins Engine Company
• Gary L. Hunter - Cummins Engine Company
• Axel O. zur Loye - Cummins Engine Company
• O. C. Akinyemi - Cummins Engine Company
• John E. Dec - Sandia National Laboratories
• Charles K. Westbrook - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Topic

• Diesel / compression ignition engines
• Combustion and combustion processes
• Particulate matter (PM)
• Lasers
• Chemicals
• Diagnostics

Citation

Also In

References

1. zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. Dec, J. E. “2-D Soot Imaging In A Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Using Laser-Induced Incandescence,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines COMODIA 90 523 528 1990
2. Dec, J. E. zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. “Soot Distribution In A D.I. Diesel Engine Using 2-D Laser-Induced Incandescence Imaging,” SAE Transactions 100 277 288 SAE 910224 1991
3. Espey, C. Dec., J. E. “Diesel Engine Combustion Studies In A Newly Designed Optical-Access Engine Using High-Speed Visualization And 2-D Laser Imaging,” SAE Transactions 102 703 723 SAE 930971 1993
4. Dec., J. E. Coy, E. B. “OH Radical Imaging In A D.I. Diesel Engine And The Structure Of The Early Diffusion Flame,” SAE 960831 1996
5. Lee, W. Solbrig, C. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santoro, R. J. Santavicca, D. A. “Planar Laser Light Scattering For The In-Cylinder Study Of Soot In A Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 99 2222 2235 SAE 902125 1990
6. Alatas, B. Pinson, J. A. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “A Study Of NO And Soot Evolution In A D.I. Diesel Engine Via Planar Imaging,” SAE Transactions 102 1463 1473 SAE 930973 1993
7. Pinson, J. A. Ni, T. Litzinger, T. A. “Quantitative Imaging Study Of The Effects Of Intake Air Temperature On Soot Evolution In An Optically Accessible D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE 942044 1994
8. Hodges, J. T. Baritaude, T. A. Heinze, T. A. “Planar Liquid And Gas Fuel And Droplet Size Visualization In A D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 100 1284 1302 SAE 910726 1991
9. Baritaud, T. A. Heinze, T. A. Le Coz J. F. “Spray And Self-Ignition Visualization In A D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 103 1129 1144 SAE 940681 1994
10. Arnold, A. Dinkelacker, F. Heitzmann, T. Monkhouse, P. Schäfer, M. Sick, V. Wolfrum, J. “D.I. Diesel Engine Combustion Visualized By Combined Laser Techniques,” Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion 1605 1612 1992
11. Naber, J. D. Siebers, D. L. “Effects Of Gas Density And Vaporization On Penetration And Dispersion Of Diesel Sprays,” SAE 960034 1996
12. Wiltafsky, G. Stolz, W. Köhler, J. Epsey C. “The Quantification Of Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) For Planar Time Resolved Measurements Of The Soot Volume Fraction In A Combustion Diesel Jet,” SAE 961200 1996
13. Epsey, C. Dec., J. E. “The Effect Of TDC Temperature And Density On The Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration In A D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 104 1400 1414 SAE 952456 1995
14. Epsey, C. Dec, J. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “Quantitative 2-D Fuel Vapor Concentration Imaging In A Firing D.I. Diesel Engine Using Planar Laser-Induced Rayleigh Scattering,” SAE Transactions 103 1145 1160 SAE 940682 1994
15. Epsey, C. Dec, J. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “Planar Laser Rayleigh Scattering For Quantitative Vapor Fuel Imaging In A Diesel Jet,” Combustion and Flame 109 65 86 1997
16. Dec, J. E. Epsey, C. “Soot And Fuel Distributions In A D.I. Diesel Engine Via 2-D Imaging,” SAE Transactions 101 1642 1651 SAE 922307 1992
17. Dec, J. E. “Soot Distribution In A D.I. Diesel Engine Using 2-D Imaging Of Laser-Induced Incandescence, Elastic Scattering, And Flame Luminosity,” SAE Transactions 101 101 112 SAE 920115 1992
18. Dec, J. E. Epsey, C. “Ignition And Early Soot Formation In A D.I. Diesel Engine Using Multiple 2-D Imaging Diagnostics,” SAE Transactions 104 853 875 SAE 950456 1995
19. Dec, J. E. Epsey, C. “Soot And Liquid-Phase Fuel Distributions In A Newly Designed Optically Accessible D.I. Diesel Engine,” Proceedings of the 1993 Diesel Emission Reduction Workshop La Jolla, CA July 1993
20. Pinson, J. A. Mitchell, D. L. Santoro, R. J. Litzinger, T. A. “Quantitative, Planar Soot Measurements In A D.I. Diesel Engine Using Laser-Induced Incandescence And Light Scattering,” SAE 932650 1993
21. Curran, H. J. Gaffuri, P. Pitz, W. J. Westbrook, C. K. Leppard, W. R. “Autoignition Chemistry Of The Hexane Isomers: An Experimental And Kinetic Modeling Study,” SAE 952406 1995
22. Curran, H. J. Gaffuri, P. Pitz, W. J. Westbrook, C. K. Leppard, W. R. “Autoignition Chemistry In A Motored Engine: An Experimental And Kinetic Modeling Study,” Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion 2669 2677 The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 1996
23. Kee, R. J. Rupley, F. M. Meeks, E. E. Miller, J. A. “Chemkin-III: A Fortran Chemical Kinetics Package For The Analysis Of Gas Phase Chemical And Plasma Kinetics,” Sandia National Laboratories Report May 1996
24. Dec, J. E. “A Conceptual Model Of DI Diesel Combustion Based On Laser-Sheet Imaging,” SAE 970873 1997
25. Dec, J. E. Canaan, R. E. “PLIF Imaging Of NO Formation In A D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE 980147 1998
26. Dec. J. E. Espey, C. “Chemiluminescence Imaging Of Autoigntion In A D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE 982685 1998
27. Chiu, W. S. Shahed, S. M. Lyn, W. T. “A Transient Spray Mixing Model For Diesel Combustion,” SAE Transactions 85 502 512 SAE 760128 1976
28. Ricart, L. M. “An Experimental And Computational Study Of Fuel Injection, Mixing And Combustion In Diesel Engines,” Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1998
29. Curran, H. J. Gaffuri, P. Pitz, W. J. Westbrook, C. K. “A Comprehensive Modeling Study Of N-Heptane Oxidation,” Combustion and Flame 114 149 177 1998
30. Curran, H. J. Gaffuri, P. Pitz, W. J. Westbrook, C. K. “A Comprehensive Modeling Study Of Iso-Octane Oxidation,” 1998
31. Westbrook, C. K. Dryer, F. L. “Chemical Kinetics And Modeling Of Combustion Processes,” Eighteenth International Symposium on Combustion 749 767 The Combustion Institute Pittsburgh 1981
32. Westbrook, C. K. Dryer, F. L. “Chemical Kinetics Modeling Of Hydrocarbon Combustion,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 10 1 57 1984
33. Warnatz, J. Combustion Chemistry II Gardiner, W. C. Jr. Springer-Verlag New York 1997
34. Lund, C. M. “HCT - A General Computer Program For Calculating Time-Dependent Phenomena Involving One Dimensional Hydrodynamics, Transport, And Detailed Chemical Kinetics,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCRL-52504 1978
35. Bowman, C. T. Hanson, R. K. Davidson, D. F. Gardiner, W. C. Jr. Lissianski, V. Smith, G. P. Golden, D. M. Frenklach, M. Goldenberg, M. http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/
36. Westbrook, C. K. Adamczyk, A. A. Lavoie, G. A. “A Numerical Study Of Laminar Flame Wall Quenching,” Combustion and Flame 40 81 99 1981
37. Westbrook, C. K. “Fuel Motion And Pollutant Formation In Stratified Charge Combustion,” SAE 790248 1979
38. Westbrook, C. K. Pitz, W. J. Leppard, W. R. “The Autoignition Chemistry Of Paraffinic Fuels And Pro-Knock And Anti-Knock Additives: A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Study,” SAE 912314 1991
39. Yassine, M. K. Tagomori, M. K. Henein, N. A. Bryzik, W. “White Smoke Emissions Under Cold Starting Of Diesel Engines,” SAE 960249 1996
40. Parker, T. E. Forsha, M. D. Stewart, H. E. Hom, K. Sawyer, R. F. Oppenheim, A. K. “Induction Period For Ignition Of Fuel Sprays At High Temperatures And Pressures,” SAE 850087 1985
41. Edwards, C. F. Siebers, D. L. Hoskin, D. H. “A Study Of The Autoignition Process Of A Diesel Spray Via High Speed Visualization,” SAE Transactions 101 187 204 SAE 920108 1992
42. Siebers, D. L. “Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration In Diesel Sprays Based On Mixing Limited Vaporization,” 1999 SAE Congress
43. Turns, S. R. An Introduction To Combustion McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York 1996
44. Westbrook, C. K. Chase, L. K. “Chemical Kinetics and Thermochemical Data for Combustion Applications,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories Report UCID-17833 1988
45. Marinov, N. M. Pitz, W. J. Westbrook, C. K. Vincitore, A. M. Castaldi, M. J. Senkan, S. M. Melius, C. F. “Aromatic And Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation In A Laminar Premixed N-Butane Flame,” Combustion and Flame 114 192 213 1998
46. Wagner, H. G. “Soot Formation - An Overview,” 1 29 Particulate Carbon Formation During Combustion Siegla D. C. Smith G. W. Plenum Press New York 1981
47. Frenklach, M. Yuan, T. Ramachandra, M. K. “Soot Formation In Binary Hydrocarbon Mixtures,” Journal of Energy & Fuels 2 462 1988
48. Markatou, P. Wang, H. Frenklach, M. “A Computational Study Of Sooting Limits In Laminar Premixed Flames Of Ethane, Ethylene, And Acetylene,” Combustion and Flame 93 467 482 1993
49. Frenklach, M. Wang, H. “Detailed Modeling Of Soot Particle Nucleation And Growth,” Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion 1559 1566 The Combustion Institute 1990
50. Yoshihara, Y. Kazakov, A. Wang, H. Frenklach, M. “Reduced Mechanism Of Soot Formation - Application To Natural Gas-Fueled Diesel Combustion,” Twenty-Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute 1994
51. Flynn, P. F. “An Experimental Determination Of The Instantaneous Potential Radiant Heat Transfer Within An Operating Diesel Engine,” Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1971
52. Miyamoto, N. Ogawa, H. Nurun, N. M. Obata, K. Arima, T. “Smokeless, Low NOx, High Thermal Efficiency, And Low Noise Diesel Combustion With Oxygenated Agents As Main Fuel,” SAE 980506 1998
53. Donahue, R. J. Borman, G. L. Bower, G. R. “Cylinder-Averaged Histories Of Nitrogen Oxide In A D.I. Diesel With Simulated Turbocharging,” Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition October 17-20 1994 SAE 942046 1994

Cited By