This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Application of a Multi-Zone Combustion Model for the Prediction of Large Scale Marine Diesel Engines Performance and Pollutants Emissions
Technical Paper
1999-01-0227
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In the present work a multi-zone combustion model, initially developed for naturally aspirated, high-speed, direct injection diesel engines, is used for studying the performance and emission characteristics of large scale, slow-speed marine diesel engines. Up to now pollutant emissions was not considered a problem in the field of marine engines, since no specific legislation existed. However, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is forwarding a legislation that will be applicable in the next years concerning soot and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. This legislation will make it impossible for vessels to enter the native waters into countries where this legislation applies. Due to this fact, engine manufacturers are making serious efforts to design new engine builds with reduced soot and nitric oxide emissions using new designs and exhaust gas aftertreatment systems. The most promising of these techniques is the one referring to new engine designs and especially the development of new combustion systems. In the present work an attempt is made to transform an existing simulation code and to apply it to large marine engine designs. The model has up to now proved to give reliable predictions of both engine performance and emissions for high speed diesel engines, but large modifications have been made in order to simulate the slow-speed, marine diesel engine. At first the gas exchange process has been completely revised to include a scavenging model, while the simulation of the turbocharger and air cooler has been included since almost all engines of this kind are turbocharged ones. Also, modifications have been made in the combustion model and especially the jet model breakup and penetration mechanisms, because of the heavy fuel used and due to the relatively large time available for combustion. To validate the model an application is given in the present work concerning two types of marine diesel engines. For both engines tailpipe emission values are predicted for nitric oxide and soot and for one of these engines experimental values were available for nitric oxide at various engine operating conditions. By comparing the experimental with calculated values for both engines, it is revealed that the modified multi-zone model predicts with very good accuracy engine performance and with reasonable accuracy nitric oxide emissions. Also, results are provided revealing the evolution of the jet inside the combustion chamber at various time instants from injection and the distribution of thermodynamic properties and pollutants inside it. Observing these results and comparing them with previous ones obtained for high-speed diesel engines, it is concluded that the distribution of all parameters inside the jet is highly non-uniform, while the areas of soot and NO formation are clearly different. Almost all soot is formed towards the center of the jet, while nitric oxide is formed at the periphery. The present model appears to be promising, providing a good tool for the study of marine engines pollutant formation and performance. Its importance will be revealed in the near future when the previously mentioned new legislation will become applicable. Of course more validation is required for the model, especially concerning the prediction of pollutant emission. For this reason an effort is currently under progress to measure pollutant emissions from marine engines operating on the field, since very little such data is available from engine manufacturers.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Rakopoulos, C., Hountalas, D., and Agaliotis, N., "Application of a Multi-Zone Combustion Model for the Prediction of Large Scale Marine Diesel Engines Performance and Pollutants Emissions," SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0227, 1999, https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0227.Also In
References
- Ruxton, T. Carlton, J.S. Flameling, T. “A summary of some european marine pollution research” ICMES 93 Intern. Conf. Hamburg 1993
- Thomson, B. “Exhaust control await international law” The Motor Ship 22 27 1993
- “Air pollution-The green ship” MER January 1993
- “Exhaust emissions study gives IMO food for thought” Marine Engineers Review 15 16 1995
- “Stepped approach meets emission limits” Motor Ship 75 889 29 31 1994
- Reynolds, G. “Research quantifies ship's exhaust emissions” The Motor Ship 1991
- Gotmalm, O.A. “Diesel exhaust control-reduction of marine emissions of NOx and SOx” 1993
- “Wartsilas low NOx strategy for older engines” MER July 1996
- “Sulzer to identify most effective emissions combatant” MER June 1992
- “Designers anticipate engine emission controls” The Motor Ship 26 31 August 1992
- Cooper, D.A. Peterson, K. “Emission measurements from a urea-based scr/oxi catalytic nox/hc exhaust gas treatment system on board a diesel powered passenger ferry” IVL B-Rep. No. 1103 Gothenburg 1993
- Tsukahara, M. et. al. “Influence of emulsified fuel properties on the reduction of BSFC in a Diesel Engine” SAE Paper N0 891841 1989
- Sage, P.W. Ford, N.W.J. “Review of sorbent injection processes for low cost sulphur dioxide control” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 210 1995
- Boot, Ph “NOx-Reduction of Diesel Engines by Combustion Air Conditioning” 20th Int. CIMAC Cong., Paper D67 London 1993
- Lanz, R. “Cleaning up low-speed engine emissions” Motor Ship 51 June 1995
- Kouremenos, D.A. Rakopoulos, C.D. Hountalas, D.T. “Multi-zone combustion for the prediction of pollutants emissions and performance of DI diesel engines” T rans.SAE , Paper No 970635 1997
- Gosman, A.D. Harvey, P.S. “Computer analysis of fuel-air mixing and combustion in axisymmetric D.I. diesel engine” SAE Paper No 820036 1982
- Duggal, V.K. Kuo, T.W. Mukerjee, T. Przekwas, A.J. Singhal, A.K. “Three dimensional modelling of in-cylinder processes in DI diesel engines” SAE Paper No 840229 1984
- Nishida, K. Hiroyasu, H. “Simplified three-dimensional modelling of mixture formation and combustion in a D.I. diesel engine” SAE Paper No 890269 1989
- Rakopoulos, C.D. Hountalas, D.T. “Development and validation of a 3-D multi-zone combustion model for the prediction of DI diesel engines performance and pollutants emissions” SAE Paper No 981021 1998
- Kouremenos, D.A. Rakopoulos, C.D. Hountalas, D.T. Trans. ASME, J. Engng for Gas Turbines and Power 112 138 149 1990
- Launder, B.E. Spalding, D.B. Mathematical Models of Turbulence Academic Press London & New York 1972
- Kamel, M. Watson, N. “Heat transfer in the indirect injection diesel engine” SAE Paper No 790826 1979
- Annand, W.J.D. “Heat transfer in the cylinders of reciprocating internal combustion engines” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs 177 973 990 1963
- Hountalas, D.T. “The effect of operating parameters on the net and gross heat release rates of a direct injection diesel engine” Proc. 2nd Biennial ASME-ESDA Intern. Conf. on “Design of Energy Systems” 64 3 27 34 London 1994
- Benson, R.S Whitehouse, N.D. Internal Combustion Engines Pergamon, Oxford 1979
- Heywood, J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill New York 1988
- Kouremenos, D.A. Hountalas, D.T. Kotsiopoulos, P.N. “Computer simulation of turbocharged marine diesel engines and its application for engine and turbocharger diagnosis” 5th Intern. Conf. on “Turbocharging and Turbochargers”, Inst. Mech. Engrs, paper C484/008/94 13 20 London 1994
- Kouremenos, D.A. Rakopoulos, C.D Kotsos, K.G. Hountalas, D.T. “Modelling the blowby rate in a reciprocating internal combustion engine” Proc. 16th IASTED IMS Int. Conf. Paris June 22-24 465 468 1987
- Willis, D.A. Mayer, W.E. Birnie, C. “Mapping of airflow patterns in engines with induction swirl” SAE Paper No 660093 1966
- Dent, J.C. Derham, J.A. “Air motion in a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs 188 269 280 1974
- Ramos, J.I. Internal Combustion Engine Modelling Hemisphere, New York 1989
- Williams, T.J. “Parameters for correlation of penetration results for diesel fuel sprays” Proc. Inst. Mech. Engrs 187 771 774 1973
- Glauert, M.B. “The wall jet” J.Fluid Mech. 1 625 643 1956
- Kouremenos, D.A. Rakopoulos, C.D. Yfantis, E.A. “A fortran program for calculating the evaporation rates in diesel engine fuel sprays” Advances in Engng Software 15 67 71 1992
- Borman, G.L. Johnson, J.H. 1962 “Unsteady vaporisation histories and trajectories of fuel drops injected into swirling air” SAE Paper No 598C, National Powerplant Meeting Philadelphia PA 1962
- Kadota, T. Hiroyasu, H. Oya, H. “Spontaneous ignition delay of a fuel droplet in high pressure and high temperature gaseous environments” Bulletin JSME 19 130 1976
- Kouremenos, D.A. Rakopoulos, C.D. Hountalas, D.T. Kotsiopoulos, P.N. “A simulation technique for the fuel injection system of diesel engines” ASME-WA meeting, Atlanta GA, Proc. AES 24 91 102 1991
- Vavra, M.H. Aero-Thermodynamics and Flow in Turbomachines Robert E. Krieger Publ. Co. New York 1974
- Watson, N. Janota, M.S. Turbocharging the Internal Combustion Engine MacMillan Press London 1982
- Marzouk M. “ Simulation of turbocharged diesel engines under transient conditions ” Imperial College, University of London 1976
- Vickland, C.W. Strange, F.M. Bell, R.A. Starkman, E.S. “A consideration of the high temperature thermodynamics of internal combustion engines” Trans. SAE 70 785 793 1962
- Rakopoulos, C.D. Hountalas, D.T. Tzanos, E.I. Taklis, G.N. “A fast algorithm for calculating the composition of diesel combustion products using an eleven species chemical equilibrium scheme” Advances in Engng Software 19 109 119 1994
- Hodgetts, D. Shroff, H.D. “More on the formation of nitric oxide in a diesel engine” Conference on “Combustion in Engines”, Inst. Mech. Engrs, paper C95/75 129 138 1975
- Lavoie, G.A. Heywood, J.B. Keck, J.C. “Experimental and theoretical study of nitric oxide formation in internal combustion engines” Combust. Sci. and Technol. 1 313 326 1970