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A meta-analysis of driver eye-scanning behavior while navigating
Technical Paper
1995-14-0047
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A meta-comparison of link analyses was performed using two eye
scanning studies. One study was an analysis of the Etak navigator
performed by Antin, Dingus, Hulse and Wierwille (1990). Antin and
his associates compared the Etak system to a paper map control
condition and a memorized route baseline condition. The second
study was an evaluation of the TravTek system performed by Dingus,
McGehee, Hulse, Jahns, Natarajan, Mollenhauer and Fleischman
(1995). The TravTek Camera Car Evaluation tested six different
navigation conditions (a TravTek visual display of a full,
heading-up route map with voice guidance, the same TravTek route
map without voice guidance, a TravTek visual display showing a
graphic representation of static turn-by-turn information, the same
turn-by-turn screens without voice guidance, a textual paper
direction list with large legible font, and a conventional paper
map).
The eye glance data shown in the comparison of these two studies
revealed several interesting findings. In all conditions, scanning
of instruments, mirrors and signs/landmarks was a low frequency
occurrence and largely constant. Increases in visual attention by a
navigation condition draws attention from forward, left and right
roadway scanning resources. Thus, navigating draws upon potentially
valuable accident avoidance resources in some circumstances. The
eye scanning results also shared the relative benefits of the
addition of a highlighted route to a moving map display, the
simplification of a visual display from a full map to a
turn-by-turn graphic, and the addition of a voice supplement to a
navigation aid.