Search tips
 This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.

Safety Distance Determination Methods for Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review

Journal Article
13-04-01-0006
ISSN: 2640-642X, e-ISSN: 2640-6438
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4271/13-04-01-0006
Published December 30, 2022 by SAE International in United States
Safety Distance Determination Methods for Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review
Sector:
Citation: Zhang, J., Kong, X., Ba, Q., Wang, P. et al., "Safety Distance Determination Methods for Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A Review," SAE J. STEEP 4(1):127-136, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/13-04-01-0006.
Language: English

References

  1. Ling , W. , Liu , W. , Li , Y.L. et al. Development Strategy of Hydrogen Infrastructure Industry in China Engineering Science 21 2019 76 83 http://doi.org/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.003
  2. H2station.org 2021 https://www.h2stations.org/statistics/
  3. Lee , S. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Fire & Explosion for Regasification Process of an LNG-FSRU Ocean Engineering 197 2020 106825 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106825
  4. Yuan , J. , Zhao , J.L. , Wang , W. et al. The Study of Burning Behaviors and Quantitative Risk Assessment for 0# Diesel Oil Pool Fires Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 72 2021 104568 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104568
  5. Russo , P. and Parisi , F. Risk-Targeted Safety Distance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings from Natural-Gas Transmission Pipelines Reliability Engineering & System Safety 148 2016 57 66 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.11.016
  6. Pique , S. , Weinberger , B. , De-Dianous , V. et al. Comparative Study of Regulations, Codes and Standards and Practices on Hydrogen Fuelling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 42 2017 7429 7439 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.158
  7. Zhang , X. Analysis on Corresponding Standards of Hydrogen Refueling Stations for Fuel Cell Vehicles and Suggestions Modern Chemical Industry 40 2020 1 6 http://doi.org/10.16606/j.cnki.issn
  8. Zhang , Z.Y. , Zhang , G.Q. , Liu , Y.Q. et al. The Present Situation and Prospect of China’s Hydrogenation Station Energy Conservation 37 2018 16 19 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004/7948.2018.06.006
  9. Apostolou , D. and Xydis , G. A Literature Review on Hydrogen Refuelling Stations and Infrastructure. Current Status and Future Prospects Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 113 2019 109292 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109292
  10. Marangon , A. , Carcassi , M. , Engebø , A. et al. Safety Distances: Definition and Values Int J Hydrogen Energy 32 2007 2192 2197 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.04.007
  11. National Fire Protection Association 2020
  12. International Organization for Standardization 2020
  13. Zhao , W.Q. Analysis and Research on Safety Spacing of Hydrogen Refueling Stations at Home and Abroad Safety Health & Environment 21 2021 24 27 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-7932.2021.09.005
  14. Abohamzeh , E. , Salehi , F. , Sheikholeslami , M. et al. Review of Hydrogen Safety during Storage, Transmission, and Applications Processes Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 72 2021 104569 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104569
  15. Gong , L. , Yang , S.N. , Han , Y.F. et al. Experimental Investigation on the Dispersion Characteristics and Concentration Distribution of Unignited Low-Temperature Hydrogen Release Process Safety and Environmental Protection 160 2022 676 682 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.055
  16. Molkov , V. Fundamentals of Hydrogen Safety Engineering I 2012 London Ventus Publishing APS 978-87-403-0226-4
  17. Li , X. , Xu , Y. , Li , X. et al. Effect of Wind Condition on Unintended Hydrogen Release in a Hydrogen Refueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 2021 5537 5547 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.036
  18. Liu , Y. , Liu , Z. , Wei , J. et al. Evaluation and Prediction of the Safe Distance in Liquid Hydrogen Spill Accident Process Safety and Environmental Protection 146 2021 1 8 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.037
  19. Kim , E. , Lee , K. , Kim , J. et al. Development of Korean Hydrogen Fueling Station Codes through Risk Analysis Int J Hydrogen Energy 36 2011 13122 13131 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.07.053
  20. Takeno , K. , Okabayashi , K. , Kouchi , A. et al. Concentration Fluctuation and Ignition Characteristics during Atmospheric Diffusion of Hydrogen Spouted from High Pressure Storage Int J Hydrogen Energy 42 2017 15426 15434 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.062
  21. Kobayashi , H. , Naruo , Y. , Maru , Y. et al. Experiment of Cryo-Compressed (90-MPa) Hydrogen Leakage Diffusion Int J Hydrogen Energy 43 2018 17928 17937 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.07.145
  22. Molkov , V. and Saffers , J. Hydrogen Jet Flames Int J Hydrogen Energy 38 2013 8141 8158 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.106
  23. Liu , D. , Dang , W.Y. , Wang , X.G. et al. Simulation Analysis of Thermal Radiation Consequences of Typical Leakage Fire in Oil and Hydrogen Refueling Stations Fire Science and Technology 40 2021 851 854 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-0029.2021.06.017
  24. Jang , C.B. , Choi , S. , and Baek , J. CFD Modeling and Fire Damage Analysis of Jet Fire on Hydrogen Pipeline in a Pipe Rack Structure Int J Hydrogen Energy 40 2015 15760 15772 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.09.070
  25. Lachance , J. , Tchouvelev , A. , and Engebø , A. Development of Uniform Harm Criteria for Use in Quantitative Risk Analysis of the Hydrogen Infrastructure Int J Hydrogen Energy 36 2011 2381 2388 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.03.139
  26. International Code Council 2002 892395-60-6
  27. European Industrial Gases Association 2021
  28. Committee for the Prevention of Disasters 1999
  29. Health and Safety Executive 1997
  30. Ade , N. , Wilhite , B. , and Goyette , H. An Integrated Approach for Safer and Economical Design of Hydrogen Refueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 45 2020 32713 32729 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.08.232
  31. Liang , Y. , Pan , X. , Zhang , C. et al. The Simulation and Analysis of Leakage and Explosion at a Renewable Hydrogen Refuelling Station Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 2019 22608 22619 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.140
  32. Kim , E. , Park , J. , Cho , J.H. et al. Simulation of Hydrogen Leak and Explosion for the Safety Design of Hydrogen Fueling Station in Korea Int J Hydrogen Energy 38 2013 1737 1743 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.08.079
  33. Glasstone , S. and Dolan , P.J. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons 3rd Washington, DC U.S. Department of Defense 1977 https://doi.org/10.2172/6852629
  34. Li , Z.Y. , Pan , X.M. , and Ma , J.X. Quantitative Assessment on Hydrogen Releases of Hydrogen Refueling stations by Consequence Modeling Journal of TongJi University (Natural Science) 40 2012 286 291 http://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2012.02.022
  35. LaChance , J. Risk-Informed Separation Distances for Hydrogen Refueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 34 2009 5838 5845 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.02.070
  36. Li , Z.Y. , Pan , X.M. , and Ma , J.X. Quantitative Risk Assessment on 2010 Expo Hydrogen Station Int J Hydrogen Energy 36 2011 4079 4086 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.068
  37. Sun , K. , Pan , X. , Li , Z. et al. Risk Analysis on Mobile Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Shanghai Int J Hydrogen Energy 39 2014 20411 20419 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.07.098
  38. LaFleur , A.C. , Muna , A.B. , and Groth , K.M. Application of Quantitative Risk Assessment for Performance-Based Permitting of Hydrogen Fueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 42 2017 7529 7535 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.167
  39. Tsunemi , K. , Kihara , T. , Kato , E. et al. Quantitative Risk Assessment of the Interior of a Hydrogen Refueling Stations Considering Safety Barrier Systems Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 2019 23522 23531 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.07.027
  40. Hirayama , M. , Ito , Y. , Kamada , H. et al. Simplified Approach to Evaluating Safety Distances for Hydrogen Vehicle Fuel Dispensers Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 2019 18639 18647 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.153
  41. Gye , H. , Seo , S. , Bach , Q. et al. Quantitative Risk Assessment of an Urban Hydrogen Refueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 2019 1288 1298 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.035
  42. Park , B. , Kim , Y. , Paik , S. et al. Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Jet Release and Jet Flame Length for Qualitative Risk Analysis at Hydrogen Refueling Stations Process Safety and Environmental Protection 155 2021 145 154 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2021.09.016
  43. Suzuki , T. , Shiota , K. , Izato , Y. et al. Quantitative Risk Assessment Using a Japanese Hydrogen Refueling Stations Model Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 2021 8329 8343 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.12.035
  44. Xing , Y.X. , Wu , J.S. , Bai , Y.P. et al. All-Process Risk Modelling of Typical Accidents in Urban Hydrogen Refueling Stations Process Safety and Environmental Protection 166 2022 414 429 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.08.047
  45. Yoo , B. , Wilailak , S. , Bae , S. et al. Comparative Risk Assessment of Liquefied and Gaseous Hydrogen Refueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 2021 35511 35524 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.08.073
  46. Huang , Y. and Ma , G. A Grid-Based Risk Screening Method for Fire and Explosion Events of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 43 2018 442 454 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.153
  47. Kodoth , M. , Aoyama , S. , Sakamoto , J. et al. Leak Frequency Analysis for Hydrogen-Based Technology Using Bayesian and Frequentist Methods Process Safety and Environmental Protection 136 2020 148 156 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.01.025
  48. Haugom , G.P. and Friis-Hansen , P. Risk Modelling of a Hydrogen Refuelling Station Using Bayesian Network Int J Hydrogen Energy 36 2011 2389 2397 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.04.131
  49. Borgheipour , H. , Tehrani , G.M. , Eskandari , T. et al. Dynamic Risk Analysis of Hydrogen Gas Leakage Using Bow-Tie Technique and Bayesian Network International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 18 2021 3613 3624 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-03090-4
  50. Groth , K.M. and Hecht , E.S. HyRAM: A Methodology and Toolkit for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Systems Int J Hydrogen Energy 42 2017 7485 7493 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.002
  51. Li , Z.Y. , Pan , X.M. , and Ma , J.X. Quantitative Risk Assessment on a Gaseous Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Shanghai Int J Hydrogen Energy 35 2010 6822 6829 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.04.031
  52. Casamirra , M. , Castiglia , F. , Giardina , M. et al. Safety Studies of a Hydrogen Refuelling Station: Determination of the Occurrence Frequency of the Accidental Scenarios Int J Hydrogen Energy 34 2009 5846 5854 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.096
  53. Chang , Y. , Zhang , C. , Shi , J. et al. Dynamic Bayesian Network Based Approach for Risk Analysis of Hydrogen Generation Unit Leakage Int J Hydrogen Energy 44 2019 26665 26678 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.065
  54. Cristina Galassi , M. , Papanikolaou , E. , Baraldi , D. et al. HIAD–Hydrogen Incident and Accident Database Int J Hydrogen Energy 37 2012 17351 17357 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.06.018
  55. LaChance , J. , Houf , W. , Middleton , B. et al. 2009
  56. Suzuki , T. , Kawatsu , K. , Shiota , K. et al. Quantitative Risk Assessment of a Hydrogen Refueling Stations by Using a Dynamic Physical Model Based on Multi-Physics System-Level Modeling Int J Hydrogen Energy 46 2021 38923 38933 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.125
  57. San Marchi , C. , Hecht , E.S. , Ekoto , I.W. et al. Overview of the DOE Hydrogen Safety, Codes and Standards Program, Part 3: Advances in Research and Development to Enhance the Scientific Basis for Hydrogen Regulations, Codes and Standards Int J Hydrogen Energy 42 2017 7263 7274 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.014
  58. LaChance , J.L. , Middleton , B. , and Groth , K.M. Comparison of NFPA and ISO Approaches for Evaluating Separation Distances Int J Hydrogen Energy 37 2012 17488 17496 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.144
  59. LaChance , J. , Tchouvelev , A. , and Ohi , J. Risk-Informed Process and Tools for Permitting Hydrogen Fueling Stations Int J Hydrogen Energy 34 2009 5855 5861 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.01.057
  60. Health and Safety Executive 2021 https://www.hse.gov.uk/landuseplanning/failure-rates.pdf
  61. Engebø , A. , Barth , F. , Markert , F. et al Safety Distances for Hydrogen Refuelling Station 2010 978-3-89336-655-2

Cited By