Improving the Performance of Internal Combustion Engines and Reducing Emissions by Injecting Water with the Air Entering the Engines
Journal Article
04-16-01-0005
ISSN: 1946-3952, e-ISSN: 1946-3960
Sector:
Topic:
Citation:
Hadidi, H. and Hassan, A., "Improving the Performance of Internal Combustion Engines and Reducing Emissions by Injecting Water with the Air Entering the Engines," SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 16(1):49-56, 2023, https://doi.org/10.4271/04-16-01-0005.
Language:
English
Abstract:
The current work experimentally and theoretically studied the effect of water
injection on improving the performance of three different types of
single-cylinder internal combustion engines. The first engine is a four-stroke
diesel, the second is a four-stroke gasoline, and the third is a two-stroke
gasoline engine. Different amounts of water were injected relative to fuel
consumption for the three engines to find how it affected the performance,
exhaust gas temperatures, and emissions. Comparing the experimental and
theoretical results was done to determine the effect of spraying water on
lowering the temperatures of the exhaust gases, increasing the thermal
efficiency, and lowering specific fuel consumption. The experimental results for
the various tested engines show that, in general, the exhaust gas temperature
and gas emission decreases by increasing the mass of water injection; these
differences vary based on the engine and the operating conditions. Water
injected at the inlet of the gasoline engine reduces the overall emissions
greater than with the diesel engine and the two-stroke engine. The current
laboratory experiments have shown and confirmed by theoretical analyses that
spraying water at the inlet of engines reduces braking fuel consumption by a
maximum of 10% with an increase in thermal efficiency by up to a maximum of 4.5%
and reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and exhaust gas temperature by
up to 35%.