Results
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the determination of passenger car and light truck tire force and moment properties on a belt-type flat surface test machine. It is suitable for accurately determining five tire forces and moments in steady-state under free-rolling conditions as a function of slip angle and normal force which are incrementally changed in a given sequence
Electric, Fuel Cell and Hybrid vehicles may contain many types of high voltage systems. Adequate barriers between occupants and the high voltage systems are necessary to provide protection from potentially harmful electric current and materials within the high voltage system that can cause injury to occupants of the vehicle during and after a crash. This SAE Recommended Practice is applicable to Electric, Fuel Cell and Hybrid vehicle designs that are comprised of at least one vehicle propulsion voltage bus with a nominal operating voltage greater than 60 and less than 1,500 VDC, or greater than 30 and less than 1,000 VAC. This Recommended Practice addresses post-crash electrical safety, retention of electrical propulsion components and electrolyte spillage
SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONS—UNS Z33521, former SAE 903, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AG40A; and UNS Z33520, former SAE 903, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-76, Alloy AG40A. UNS Z35530, former SAE 925, ingot is similar to ASTM B 240-79, Alloy AC41A; and UNS Z35531, former SAE 925, die casting is similar to ASTM B 86-82a, Alloy AC41A
This report lists approximate hardness conversion values; test methods for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Shore Hardness; and information regarding surface preparation, specimen thickness, effect of curved surfaces, and recommendations for Rockwell surface hardness testing for case hardened parts. The tables in this report give the approximate relationship of Vickers Brinell, Rockwell, and Scleroscope hardness values and corresponding approximate tensile strengths of steels. It is impossible to give exact relationships because of the inevitable influence of size, mass, composition, and method of heat treatment. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel composition, heat treatment, and part. The accompanying conversion tables for steel hardness numbers are based on extensive tests on carbon and alloy steels, mostly in the heat treated condition, but have been found to be reliable
Hardness testing with files consists essentially of cutting or abrading the surface of metal parts, and approximating the hardness by the feel, or extent to which, the file bites into the surface. The term "file hard" means that the surface hardness of the parts tested is such that a new file of proven hardness will not cut the surface of the material being tested
This report is an abbreviated summary of metallurgical joining by welding, brazing, and soldering. It is generally intended to reflect current usage in the automotive industry; however, it does include some of the more recently developed processes. More comprehensive coverage of materials, processing details, and equipment required may be found in the Welding Handbook, Soldering Manual, and other publications of the American Welding Society and the American Society for Testing and Materials. AWS Automotive Welding Committee publications on Recommended Practices are particularly recommended for the design or product engineer. This report is not intended to cover mechanical joining such as rivets or screw fasteners, or chemical joining processes such as adhesive joining
This SAE Recommended Practice defines the test conditions, procedures, and performance requirements for PTC (positive temperature coefficient of resistance) overcurrent protection devices. PTCs are typically either polymeric (PPTC) or ceramic (CPTC). It is important to note battery voltages versus powernets/system voltage versus max battery voltages: (12 V/14 V/16 V, 24 V/28 V/32 V, and 36 V/42 V/58 V). All voltages are DC. These devices are typically rated with a maximum operating voltage, which for vehicular systems need to be 16 V (for 12 V batteries), 32 V (for 24 V batteries), and 58 V (for 36 V batteries/42 V powernets). PTC devices are considered to be self-resetting after responding to overcurrent conditions and after such condition has been removed from the affected circuit containing the PTC
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to all commercial, self-propelled motor vehicles which transport property or passengers when
This SAE Recommended Practice covers the important fundamental maintenance and service precautions for all off-road single-piece and multi-piece rims. Detailed information on specific procedures concerning mounting, demounting, maintenance, and service of a particular type, style, or design of off-road rim assembly can be obtained by consulting rim or tire manufacturers or distributors. These procedures and service precautions should be considered in preparation of the machine service manual, the operator's manual, and workplace procedures
This SAE Standard contains recommended test methods for snap-in tubeless tire valves intended for, but not limited to, highway applications. A snap-in valve is a tire valve having a rigid housing adhered to a resilient body designed to retain and seal the valve in the rim hole
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to serve as a guide for standardization of features, dimensions, and configurations of balance weights for aluminum and steel wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles to assure good installation and retention of the balance weight. This document also provides test procedures and minimum performance requirements for testing balance weight retention
The purpose of this SAE Standard is to provide equipment specifications for CFC-12 (R-12) recycling equipment. This information applies to equipment used to service automobiles, light trucks, and other vehicles with similar CFC-12 (R-12) air-conditioning (A/C) systems. Systems used on mobile vehicles for refrigerating cargo that have hermetically sealed systems are not covered in this document. The equipment in this document is intended for use with refrigerant that has been directly removed from, and intended to be returned to, a mobile A/C system. Should other revisions due to operational or technical requirements occur, this document may be amended
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish uniform test procedures for passenger cars, to determine whether the system is defined as a defroster or defogger, and to establish minimum performance requirements for each system. A defroster for purposes of this practice is a system which will remove moisture and/or frost from the interior surface of the backlight at −18 °C. A defogger is a system which will remove moisture and/or fog from the interior surface of the backlight at 4 °C. The test procedure is intended to simulate actual conditions by utilizing either a cold room with an appropriate device to introduce air flow over the backlight or a sufficiently large wind tunnel with ambient temperature control. The test procedure and the minimum performance requirements are based on currently available engineering data
This SAE Part Standard covers selected inch dimensioned set screws manufactured in accordance with American Society for Mechanical Engineers dimensional standards. This SAE standard covers material most often used in ship systems and equipment but its use may be applied wherever fasteners of the covered materials are used. This standard permits the fasteners to be identified and ordered by a part identification number (PIN) as defined in this document
This SAE Information Report is a summary of the initial recommendations of the SAE committee on Dual/Higher Voltage Vehicle Electrical Systems regarding the application of higher voltages in vehicle systems. This document does not attempt to address the technical merits of specific voltages or electrical system architectures
During service of mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems, containment of the refrigerant is important. This procedure provides service guidelines for technicians when repairing vehicles and operating equipment defined in SAE J1990
This specification covers the characteristics of glass beads used for peening, and provides for standard glass bead size numbers
The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish minimum performance and user information requirements for battery booster cable sets used with 6 OR 12-VOLT BATTERIES. Such sets may be used to provide a temporary connection of a surface vehicle battery to another similar battery to provide emergency power when required. This document DOES NOT ENDORSE NOR RECOMMEND the potentially hazardous procedure of jump-starting a vehicle
This SAE Standard outlines general procedures for the grounding of electrical components in 12- and 24-V systems, intended for light and heavy-duty on-highway trucks and their trailers; and off-road machinery applications as described in SAE J1116
This SAE Information Report applies to the control circuits and devices associated with the electrical propulsion system used on electric drive dumpers. Dumper is defined in J/ISO 6165. The document does not apply to auxiliary equipment control systems such as: a Battery charging systems b Engine wiring and control c Monitoring and control circuits not directly affecting the operation of the electric propulsion and retarding system d Lighting e Accessory systems (heating, air conditioning, horns, radios, emergency steering, fire protection, and similar functions
This recommended practice applies to the rotating equipment in the electrical propulsion systems on electrically propelled dumpers. It also applies to the rotating equipment installed on trailers connected to electrically propelled dumpers. The recommended practice does not apply to rotating equipment such as windshield wiper motors, battery charging generators, etc. that may be used on dumpers
These remanufacturing procedures are recommended guidelines for use by remanufacturers of starter solenoids to promote consistent reliability, durability, and safety of remanufactured starters. Installation of remanufactured or rebuilt products is often an economical way to repair a vehicle even though the products may not be identical to original equipment parts. Before processing any part, a remanufacturer should determine if the original design and present condition of the core is suitable for remanufacturing so as to provide durable operation of the part as well as acceptable performance when installed on the vehicle. The remanufacturer should also consider the safety aspects of the product and any recommendations of the original manufacturers related to remanufacturing or rebuilding their product. While these procedures are meant to be universal in application, various product types have unique features of dimension and design which may require special remanufacturing processes
These remanufacturing procedures are recommended minimum guidelines (with the understanding that more stringent procedures are acceptable) for use by remanufacturers of heavy-duty starters to promote consistent reliability, durability, and safety of remanufactured starters. Installation of remanufactured or rebuilt products is often an economical way to repair an application even though the products may not be identical to original equipment parts. Before processing any part, a remanufacturer should determine if the original design and present condition of the core are suitable for remanufacturing so as to provide durable operation of the part as well as acceptable performance when installed on the application. The remanufacturer should also consider the safety aspects of the product and any recommendations of the original manufacturers related to remanufacturing or rebuilding their product
This SAE Standard specifies the nominal dimensions and tolerances which affect the interchangeability between companion flanges and mating parts. The flanges covered by this document are designated type A and type S. The type A flanges are equivalent to type A ISO 7646. The type S flanges are equivalent to the type S ISO 7647. Type A is an external (male) pilot construction and type S is an internal (female) pilot construction. These flanges are not interchangeable. Dimensions not specified are left to the discretion of the component manufacturer
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes performance requirements for the service brake systems of all classes of motorcycles intended for highway use
The Gauge Evaluation Procedure Task Force was formed by the Non-Hydraulic Hose Committee to develop a gauge evaluation procedure to be used when evaluating the capability of gauges used for hose measurement. The use of a standard method for gauge evaluation will help users easily compare equipment capability. The information provided in this recommendation is based on the methods used to produce the data presented in SAE J1759 and J2605
This SAE Standard provides a method for determining the Effective Projected Luminous Lens Area (EPLLA) of a lamp function using design analysis. This standard was created to clarify and address how to determine EPLLA with traditional and new technologies
This recommended best practice outlines a method for estimating CO2-equivalent emissions using life cycle analysis
Refrigerant containment is an important part of servicing mobile air-conditioning (A/C) systems. This procedure provides guidelines for technicians for servicing mobile A/C systems and operating refrigerant recycling equipment designed for HFC-134a (R-134a) (described in SAE J2210
This SAE Standard covers reinforced rubber, reinforced thermoplastic, or otherwise constructed hose, or hose assemblies, intended for conducting liquid and gaseous refrigerants for service connections from mobile air conditioning systems to service equipment such as a manifold gauge set and vacuum pumps or for use internally, in charging stations or service equipment intended for use in servicing mobile air-conditioning systems
This SAE Standard covers general, dimensional data, and methods of test for two types of general purpose nut and conical spring washer assemblies, designated Type LN and Type HN, intended for mass production and other operations where speed and convenience are paramount factors
This procedure incorporates test cycles that produce relative fuel economy data relating to long haul, short haul, and local driving patterns, or any combination of these and to those components developed to improve fuel economy for these patterns. The tests conducted on a specific vehicle are to reflect that vehicle's general mode of operation. The procedure is intended to be used under controlled, warmed-up conditions on a test tract or on suitable roads. A minimum of two vehicles running simultaneously is required. Test condition recommendations are provided for undertaking this engineering test. If it is necessary to conduct a test outside of these test conditions, the purpose of the test and the variant conditions should be recorded and noted whenever the results are reported
This SAE Part Standard covers selected inch screws, bolts, structural bolts, and nuts manufactured in accordance with ASTM International and SAE fastener standards. Appendix A covers bolt blanks to manufacture fitted bolts of specific materials. This document covers fastener materials often used in ship systems and equipment but its use may be applied wherever fasteners of the covered materials are used. This document permits the fasteners to be identified and ordered by a part identification number (PIN) as defined in this document
This test method provides a standardized procedure for evaluating the sealing capability of a hose connection or any of the individual components of the connection with a pressure, vibration, and temperature (PVT) test facility. This test method consists of a test procedure which includes vibration and coolant flow (#1 ) and a similar test procedure specified without vibration or coolant flow (#2). Any test parameters, other than those specified in this SAE Recommended Practice, are to be agreed to by the tester and the requestor
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