This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Microbiology Standards for the International Space Station
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The Crew Health System (CHeCS) plays a pivotal role in monitoring the life-support activities that maintain space station environmental quality and crew safety. Sampling hardware will be used in specific protocols to monitor the microbial dynamics of the closed spacecraft environment. NASA flight experience, ground-based studies, consultations with clinical and environmental microbiologists, and panel discussions with experts in engineering, flight-crew operations, microbiology, toxicology, and water quality systems all have been integral to the revision of in-flight microbial standards. The new standards for air and internal surfaces differentiate between bacterial and fungal loads, unlike previous standards that relied on total microbial counts. Microorganisms that must not be present in air or water or on surfaces also are listed. The proposed requirements and sampling protocols for air, surfaces, and water offer definitive standards and an effective monitoring strategy, and may mitigate the possibility of bioloads affecting crew health and spacecraft integrity.
Authors
Citation
Cioletti, L., Mishra, S., Pierson, D., and Koenig, D., "Microbiology Standards for the International Space Station," SAE Technical Paper 951682, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/951682.Also In
References
- Couch, R.B. Pierson, D.L. Space Station Infectious Disease Risks Conference Report (JSC 32104) Biomedical Laboratories Branch, Medical Sciences Division, NASA/Johnson Space Center October 1986
- Health Stabilization Program for the Space Shuttle Program (JSC 22538) Space and Life Science Directorate Medical Sciences Division, NASA/Johnson Space Center February 1993
- Human Research Policy and Procedures for Space Flight and Related Investigations (JSC 20483) Space and Life Science Directorate NASA-Johnson Space Center February 1993
- Pierson, D.L. Microbiology Space Physiology and Medicine 3rd Nicogossian A.E. Huntoon C.L. Pool S.L. Lea & Febiger Philadelphia 157 166 1993
- Mackowiak, P.A. The Normal Microbial Flora New Eng. J. Med. 307 83 86 1982
- Mims, C.A. The Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease 3rd Academic Press New York 1987
- Kurup, V.P. Choi, H. Kumar, A. Murali, P.S. Mishra, S.K. Pierson, D.L. Altered Immunological Response in Mice Subjected to Stress and Exposed to Fungal Spores 22nd International Conference on Environmental Systems SAE Technical Paper Series # 921215 July 1992
- Mishra, S.K. Segal, E. Gunter E. Kurup, V.P. Mishra, J. Murali, P.S. Pierson, D.L. Sandovsky-Losica, H. Stevens, D.A. Stress, Immunity, and Mycotic Diseases J. Med Vet Mycol. 32 379 406 1994
- Sonnenfeld, G. Miller, E.S. Spaceflight and Humoral and Cellular Immunity of Animals The Physiologist 36 1 1993
- Taylor, G. R. Immune Changes in Humans Concomitant with Spaceflights of up to 10 Days Duration The Physiologist 36 1 1993
- Taylor, G. R. Janney, R. P. In vivo Testing Confirms a Blunting of the Human Cell-Mediated Immune Mechanism during Spaceflight J. Leukocyte Biol. 51 129 132 1992
- Lizko, A. Problems of Microbial Ecology in Manned Space Missions Acta Astronautica 23 163 169 1991
- Pierson, D.L. Bassinger, V.J. Molina, T.C. Gunter, E. Groves, T.O. Cioletti, L.J. Mishra, S.K. Preflight and Postflight Microbiological Results from 25 Space Shuttle Crews 23rd International Conference on Environmental Systems SAE Technical Paper Series # 932139 July 1993
- Waligora, J.M. Powell, M.R. Sauer, R.L. Spacecraft Life-Support Systems Space Physiology and Medicine 3rd Nicogossian A.E. Huntoon C.L. Pool S.L. Lea Febiger Philadelphia 109 127 1994
- Nedfedov, Y.G. Zaloguyev, S.N. Viktorov, A.N. Microbiological Aspects of Operation of Life Support Systems Aboard Long-Operating Spaceships Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina 9 4 19 23 1975
- Bluth, B.J. Soviet Space Stations as Analogs IIa 2nd Fielder D.E. Grumman Aerospace Contract NASA Headquarters Reston, VA September 1992
- Zaloguyev, S.N. Viktorov, A.N. Gorshkov, V.P. Novikova, N.D. Human Habitability Conditions on the Space Station: Sanitary/Microbiological Description of the Environment Results of Medical Research Performed on the “Salyut-6/Soyuz” Space Station Complex Gurovskiy N.N. Nauka Press Moscow 43 46 1986
- Viktorov, A.N. Novikova, N.D. Deshevaia, E.A. Microflora of Cabins of Manned Space Objects and the Problem of Biological Damage to the Structural Materials Used in Them Biologiya Aviakosmicheskaia i Ekologicheskaia Meditsina 26 3 41 48 1992
- Pierson, D.L. McGinnis, M.R. Viktorov, A.N. Microbiological Contamination Foundations of Space Biology and Medicine II Life Support and Habitability Sulzman F.M. Genin A.M. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Washington DC 77 93 1994
- Zaloguyev, S.N. Viktorov, A.N. Shilov, V.M. Gorshkov, V.P. Zarubina, K.V. Shinkareva, M.M. Norkina, T.Y. Results of Microbiological Studies Performed during the Use of Salyut-6 Space Station Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina 3 64 66 1985
- Nedfedov, Y.G. Novikova, N.D. Surovezhin, I.N. Products of Microbiological Damage to Polymer Materials as a Factor or Potential Pollution of the Atmosphere of Pressurized Environments by Toxic Substances Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina 3 67 71 1988
- Novikova, N.D. Orlova, M.I. Dyachenko, M.B. Study of the Capacity of Microflora to Multiply on Polymer Materials in Pressurized Environments Kosmicheskaya Biologiya Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina 1 71 73 1986
- Shuttle Facility/Orbiter Contamination Control Plan Payload Integration, Space Shuttle Program (KSC-KVT-PL-0025) NASA-John F. Kennedy Space Center November 1993
- Macler, B.A. Regli, S. Use of Microbial Risk Assessment in Setting U.S. Drinking Water Standards U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (WH-550) EPA 811/S-92-001 October 1992
- Pontius, F.W. An Update of the Federal Drinking Water Journal AWWA 87 48 58 1995
- Pierson, D.L. McGinnis, M.R. Mishra, S.K. Wogan, C.F. Microbiology on Space Station Freedom NASA Conference Publication 3108 National Technical Information Service Springfield, VA 1989
- Burge, H. Health Risks from Saprophytic Bioaerosols on Space Station Freedom 21st International Conference on Environmental Systems SAE Technical Paper Series # 911514 July 1991