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Rear-End Collisions-The Effect of the Seat Belt and the Crash Pulse on Occupant Motion
Technical Paper
946175
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Neck injuries in rear-end collisions and the societal costs
associated with these injuries are increasing yearly. This
situation calls for further research in the field, one area of
interest in this context being the influence of the various vehicle
compartment components on the human body response in the
interaction with the body during a rear-end impact.
Rear-end collision sled tests were carried out in order to
investigate the influence of a standard three-point retractor seat
belt system and that of the crash pulse magnitude on occupant
response. A mathematical (MADYMO) model of the test set-up was
implemented and validated. The model was used to further
investigate the influence of the parameters.
According to sled test results, the seat belt system did not
have any significant effect on dummy response. However, using the
MADYMO model it was possible to vary the friction between occupant
and seat-back, which resulted in a certain influence of the seat
belt in limiting the ramping up of the dummy along the seat back at
high velocity changes (Δv) and low seat back friction.
For a given velocity change a doubled sled crash-pulse magnitude
resulted in increased linear accelerations, angular accelerations
and neck loads in the dummy.