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Fundamentals and Basic Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements With a Portable X-Ray Diffraction Unit
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English
Abstract
The X-ray diffraction method for nondestructively measuring residual stresses in metals is advantageous as it does not require a zero stress condition. With the use of a portable X-ray machine and the back reflection film technique, the method becomes even more useful for measuring stresses in components as the component size is no longer a limitation. This paper discusses the fundamentals, basic techniques, and the type of equipment commonly associated with the portable film technique.
Bragg's law and its application to residual stress measurements are presented. The single exposure approach for the portable film technique is contrasted with the double exposure method that is commonly employed with the direct-reading diffractometers. The necessity for determining the stress factor for each material and heat treatment is presented.
This technique was applied to measuring residual stresses in three 7079-T6 forgings. The purpose of the program was to determine a manufacturing process sequence that would minimize harmful residual stresses in the machined forgings.
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Citation
Homicz, R., "Fundamentals and Basic Techniques of Residual Stress Measurements With a Portable X-Ray Diffraction Unit," SAE Technical Paper 670151, 1967, https://doi.org/10.4271/670151.Also In
References
- Barrett C. S. “Structure of Metals.” New York McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1952
- Cullity B. D. “Elements of X-ray Diffraction.” Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. 1956
- Christenson A. L. “The Measurement of Stress by X-ray.” Prepared by the X-ray Subcommittee of Division 4 (Residual Stress and Fatigue) of the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee, HS-182
- Bolstad D. et al. “Measuring Stress in Steel Parts by X-ray Diffraction.” Metal Progress 84 July 1963 88 92