This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Study of Transient Effects in the Internal Flow of a Diesel Fuel Injector
Technical Paper
2015-01-0923
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The transient characteristics of the internal flow dominate all the ensuing processes: spray, fuel-air mixture formation as well as combustion and pollutants formation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of the injectors' internal flow. The objective of this work is to study all transient effects that may impact the internal flow of a single hole injector under different conditions. Since the numerical investigation of such a complex flow is hampered by several factors for the real operating conditions-namely the turbulence, the cavitation and the needle motion-this work is divided into two parts.
In the first part, only the effects of turbulence and cavitation are considered through the study of the effects of the fuel properties as well as the injection conditions at the fully open needle position. The impact of these effects is studied by means of the Reynolds and the cavitation number. To achieve this, simulations have been performed using an Eulerian single-fluid model based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation for bubble growth. Both the Reynolds and the cavitation numbers affect the in-nozzle flow and it has been confirmed that they are the only dimensionless numbers that govern the flow.
In the second part, the main objective is to explain the hysteresis of turbulence between needle opening and closing. Authors who identified this behavior observed that the turbulence level at the nozzle exit is mainly due to the needle motion regardless of the nozzle geometry and of the presence of cavitation. Hence, only the effects of the needle motion and the turbulence associated are studied in non-cavitating conditions in the present work. To achieve this, a reliable moving mesh strategy has been developed and implemented. Using a URANS approach, the internal flow structure and its dynamics are finely analyzed by emphasizing the transient effects of the needle motion. Especially, the hysteresis of turbulence has been explained.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Chouak, M., Mousseau, A., Reveillon, D., Dufresne, L. et al., "Study of Transient Effects in the Internal Flow of a Diesel Fuel Injector," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0923, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0923.Also In
References
- Arcoumanis , C. , Flora , H. , Gavaises , M. , Kampanis , N. et al. Investigation of Cavitation in a Vertical Multi-Hole Injector SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0524 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0524
- Battistoni , M. and Grimaldi , C. Analysis of Transient Cavitating Flows in Diesel Injectors Using Diesel and Biodiesel Fuels SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 3 2 879 900 2010 10.4271/2010-01-2245
- Battistoni , M. , Grimaldi , C. , and Mariani , F. Coupled Simulation of Nozzle Flow and Spray Formation Using Diesel and Biodiesel for CI Engine Applications SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1267 2012 10.4271/2012-01-1267
- Bonnet , J , Moser R , and Rodi W AGARD advisory report 345 A Selection of Test Cases for the Validation of Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows, AGARD 7 35 1998
- Celik , Ishmail B , Ghia Urmila , and Roache Patrick J Procedure for estimation and reporting of uncertainty due to discretization in CFD applications Journal of fluids Eng. 130 7 2008 10.1115/1.2960953
- Chaves , H. , Knapp , M. , Kubitzek , A. , Obermeier , F. et al. Experimental Study of Cavitation in the Nozzle Hole of Diesel Injectors Using Transparent Nozzles SAE Technical Paper 950290 1995 10.4271/950290
- Chiavola , O. and Palmieri , F. Modeling Needle Motion Influence on Nozzle Flow in High Pressure Injection System SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-0250 2007 10.4271/2007-01-0250
- Corradini , M. L. , and Schmidt D. P. The internal flow of diesel fuel injector nozzles: a review International Journal of Engine Research 2 1 1 22 2001 10.1243/1468087011545316
- Cucitore , R. , Quadrio M. , and Baron A. On the effectiveness and limitations of local criteria for the identification of a vortex European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 18 2 261 282 1999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0997-7546(99)80026-0
- Giannadakis , E , Gavaises M , and Arcoumanis C Modelling of cavitation in diesel injector nozzles Journal of Fluid Mechanics 616 153 193 2008 10.1017/S0022112008003777
- Giannadakis , E. , Gavaises M. , Roth H. , and Arcoumanis C. 2004 Cavitation modelling in single-hole Diesel injector based on eulerian-lagrangian approach Proc. THIESEL International Conference on Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines Valencia, Spain
- Guerrassi , N. and Dupraz , P. A Common Rail Injection System For High Speed Direct Injection Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 980803 1998 10.4271/980803
- Guide, User. “Star-CCM+ Version 8.04.” CD-adapco- 2013 2013
- Kastengren , AL. , Powell CF. , Liu Z. , Fezzaa K. et al. 2009 High-Speed X-Ray Imaging of Diesel Injector Needle Motion Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA 10.1115/ICES2009-76032
- Kolář , Václav Vortex identification: New requirements and limitations International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 28 4 638 652 2007 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2007.03.004
- Laboratories, Sandia National Injector Characterization: 1997 to 2007. http://www.sandia.gov/ecn/cvdata/sandiaCV/injectorCharacterization.php Sept. 2014
- Lee , HK. , Russell MF. , Bae CS. , and Shin HD. Development of cavitation and enhanced injector models for diesel fuel injection system simulation Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216 7 607 618 2002 10.1243/095440702760178622
- Lee , J. W. , Min K. D. , Kang K. Y. , Bae C. S. et al. Effect of piezo-driven and solenoid-driven needle opening of common-rail diesel injectors on internal nozzle flow and spray development International Journal of Engine Research 7 6 489 502 2006 10.1243/14680874JER00806
- Liu , T. G. , Khoo B. C. , and Xie W. F. Isentropic one-fluid modelling of unsteady cavitating flow Journal of Computational Physics 201 1 80 108 2004 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.05.010
- Liu , Y. and Reitz , R. Optimizing HSDI Diesel Combustion and Emissions Using Multiple Injection Strategies SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0212 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0212
- Margot , X. , Hoyas S. , Fajardo P. , and Patouna S. A moving mesh generation strategy for solving an injector internal flow problem Mathematical and Computer Modelling 52 7-8 1143 1150 2010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2010.03.018
- Margot , X. , Hoyas S. , Fajardo P. , and Patouna S. CFD Study of Needle Motion Influence on the Spray Conditions of Single-Hole Injectors Atomization and Sprays 21 1 31 40 2011 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v21.i1.30
- Menter , F. R. , Kuntz M. , and Langtry R. Ten years of industrial experience with the SST turbulence model Turbulence, heat and mass transfer 4 625 632 2003
- Moser , Robert D , Kim John , and Mansour Nagi N Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to Re= 590 Phys. Fluids 11 4 943 945 1999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869966
- Mulemane , A. , Han , J. , Lu , P. , Yoon , S. et al. Modeling Dynamic Behavior of Diesel Fuel Injection Systems SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0536 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0536
- Nurick , W. H. Orifice cavitation and its effect on spray mixing Journal of fluids engineering 98 4 681 687 1976 10.1115/1.3448452
- Payri , F. , Margot , X. , Patouna , S. , Ravet , F. et al. A CFD Study of the Effect of the Needle Movement on the Cavitation Pattern of Diesel Injectors SAE Technical Paper 2009-24-0025 2009 10.4271/2009-24-0025
- Sauer , Jürgen Instationär kavitierende Strömungen: ein neues Modell, basierend auf front capturing (VoF) und Blasendynamik Karlsruhe Univ., Diss. 2000 2000
- Schmidt , D. P. , Rakshit S. , and Neroorkar K. 2009 Thermal and inertial equilibrium in small, high-speed, cavitating nozzle simulations Paper read at 11th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS-2009) Vail, CO
- Siebers , D. Scaling Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in Diesel Sprays Based on Mixing-Limited Vaporization SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0528 1999 10.4271/1999-01-0528
- Soteriou , C. , Andrews , R. , and Smith , M. Direct Injection Diesel Sprays and the Effect of Cavitation and Hydraulic Flip on Atomization SAE Technical Paper 950080 1995 10.4271/950080
- Versteeg , Henk Kaarle , and Malalasekera Weeratunge An introduction to computational fluid dynamics: the finite volume method Second Pearson Education 2007
- Wang , Xiang , and Su WanHua A numerical study of cavitating flows in high-pressure diesel injection nozzle holes using a two-fluid model Chinese Science Bulletin 54 10 1655 1662 2009 10.1007/s11434-009-0301-5
- Xue , Q. , Som S. , Battistoni M. , Longman D. E. et al. 2013 Three-dimensional Simulations of the Transient Internal Flow in a Diesel Injector: Effects of Needle Movement ILASS Americas, 25th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Pittsburgh, PA
- Yuan , Weixing , Sauer Jürgen , and Schnerr Günter H Modeling and computation of unsteady cavitation flows in injection nozzles Mécanique & industries 2 5 383 394 2001
- Zhao , H. , Quan S. , Dai M. , Pomraning E. et al. Validation of a Three-Dimensional Internal Nozzle Flow Model Including Automatic Mesh Generation and Cavitation Effects Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 136 9 092603 2014