This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Using the Visible Human Male for Modeling and Displaying Trauma
Technical Paper
2005-01-2719
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The National Library of Medicine’s Visible Human Project began with a contract to cryosection and photograph one male and one female cadaver. The University of Colorado’s Center for Human Simulation (CHS) performed the research and supplied the raw images, which have been freely distributed since. However, the steps required to create models suitable for studying and displaying trauma dwarf the creation of the original images.
Over the past ten years, the CHS has spent approximately 20 people years segmenting and classifying the data. This process creates a number for each volume element (voxel) that identifies the structure to which it belongs and becomes the major driver of the database of associated properties. Creating polygons from this data differs from the creation of polygons from fuzzy data such as Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and has led us to develop our own polygon creation methods as well.
The focus of the CHS is the creation of virtual anatomy, utilized in simulators to teach surgical and allied skills. In order to create anatomic models in clinically relevant states, including pathologies, we have developed offline finite element modeling techniques that predict the deformations of soft tissues in response to movements of surrounding bones. The pre-calculated data is then displayed in real-time allowing the student to, for example, flex a joint and observe the movement of the relevant tissues.
This paper reports on our most recent effort to create a fractured femur simulator that allows authors to pick an object and send it at the thigh of the Visible Human Male (VHM). The resulting stresses and strains are used to predict damage to the femur and surrounding tissues as well as to create models for display in the virtual environment. The method is extensible to virtually any object used for collision with any and all parts of the VHM.
Authors
Topic
Citation
Reinig, K., Lee, C., Rubinstein, D., Bagur, M. et al., "Using the Visible Human Male for Modeling and Displaying Trauma," SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-2719, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-2719.Also In
SAE 2005 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Electronic and Electrical Systems
Number: V114-7; Published: 2006-02-01
Number: V114-7; Published: 2006-02-01
References
- Bainbridge D. Making Babies: The Science of Pregnancy Harvard University Press 2003
- Bonet J. Wood R. D. Nonlinear continuum mechanics for finite element analysis Cambridge University Press 1999
- Lorensen, W. E. Cline, H. E. Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm Proc SIGGRAPH 87 163 169
- http://endo.sandia.gov/cubit/
- Eberly D. 3D Game Engine Design Morgan Kaufmann 2001
- Garland M. Heckbert P. Surface Simplification using Quadric Error Metrics ACM SIGGRAPH Proceedings 1997
- Gottschalk, S. Lin, M. C. Manocha, D. OOBTree: A Hierarchical Structure for Rapid Interference Detection ACM SIGGRAPH Proceedings 171 180 1996
- Huertas, A. Medioni, G. Detection of Intensity Changes with Subpixel Accuracy Using Laplacian-Gaussian Masks IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence PAMI-8 5 September 1986
- Larsson T. Akenine-Möller, T. Collision Detection for Continuously Deforming Bodies Eurographics Conference 2001, Short Presentations 325 333 2001
- Mabrey JD Gillogly SD Kasser JR Sweeney HJ Zarins B Mevis H Garrett WE Poss R Cannon WD Virtual reality simulation of arthroscopy of the knee Journal: Arthroscopy (Language : eng)
- Mackerle J. Finite Element Crash Simulations and Impact-Induced Injuries: An Addendum. A Bibliography (1998–2002) The Shock and Vibration Digest 35 No. 4 273 280
- Maurel W. Wu Y. Magnenat Thalmann N. Thalmann D. Biomechanical Models for Soft Tissue Simulation Springer 1998
- O’Brien J. Hodgins, J. Graphical models and animation of brittle fracture ACM SIGGRAPH Proceedings 137 146 1999
- Reinig K. Endosonography and Digital Anatomy: Facilitating Endoscopic Ultrasonography Training Using the Visible Human Database Digital Human Anatomy and Endoscopic Ultrasound Ontario BC Decker Inc. 2005 9 12
- Rubinstein, D. Reinig, K. Tips for Using the Visible Human Interactive Atlas Visible Human Journal of Endoscopy 2 Issue # 2 2003
- Schöberl, J. NETGEN - An advancing front 2D/3D-mesh generator based on abstract rules ComputerVisual.Science 1 41 52 1997
- Spitzer V. M. Ackerman M. J. Scherzinger A. L. Whitlock D. G. The Visible Human Male: A Technical Report, Journal of the American Informatics Association 3 118 130 1996
- Taubin G. Zhang T. Golub G. Optimal Surface Smoothing as Filter Design March 1996
- Thomas, C. E. The Muscular Architecture of the Ventricles of Hog and Dog Hearts Am. J. Anat 101 17 57 1957
- Touch of Life Technologies www.toltech.net
- van den Bergen. G. Efficient Collision Detection of Complex Deformable Models using AABB Trees Journal of Graphics Tools 2 (4) 1 13 1997
- Weiss, J. Maker, B. Govindjee, S. Finite element implementation of incompressible, transversely isotropic hyperelasticity Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 135 107 128 1996
- Kitware http://www.kitware.com/
- Witkin, A. Notes for ACM SIGGRAPH Course Physically Based Modeling 2001