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An Electric Vehicle Onboard Microgrid with Solar Panel for Battery Module Balancing and Vehicle-to-Grid Applications
Abstract:
This article proposes an electric vehicle (EV) onboard microgrid for battery
module balancing and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. The proposed microgrid
is formed by an onboard photovoltaic (PV) system, a bidirectional charger, an
auxiliary power module (APM), and selection switches. The system is designed to
use solar energy if available for battery balancing by supporting the battery
modules with low state-of-charge (SOC) during driving or charging. During
charging, when the battery pack is fully charged, the PV system is disconnected
from the battery and delivers the solar power to the grid. When the number of
these PV-assisted EVs is big enough, they can work together as an aggregated
virtual solar farm with energy storage. When there is no solar energy available,
the battery management system is able to use the APM for battery management.
Simulation-based case studies with recorded solar irradiance data in Detroit,
Michigan, show that the virtual solar farm with 10,000 EVs can generate 0.7 MW
peak power and 2,953 kWh energy on a sunny winter day, and 1 MW peak power and
5,190 kWh energy on a sunny summer day. The actual experiments verify that the
proposed system can perform the designed functions and automatically switch
among the required operating modes.