This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.

In-Cylinder Combustion Studies of Diesel-Compressed Natural Gas Dual Fuel with Increasing Energy Fraction and Its Effect on Emissions

Journal Article
03-15-05-0035
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Published December 22, 2021 by SAE International in United States
In-Cylinder Combustion Studies of Diesel-Compressed Natural Gas Dual
                    Fuel with Increasing Energy Fraction and Its Effect on Emissions
Citation: Muralidharan, M., Kumar, A., and Subramanian, M., "In-Cylinder Combustion Studies of Diesel-Compressed Natural Gas Dual Fuel with Increasing Energy Fraction and Its Effect on Emissions," SAE Int. J. Engines 15(5):651-669, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/03-15-05-0035.
Language: English

References

  1. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/energy-outlook/bp-energy-outlook-2020.pdf
  2. Li , L. , Zhao , D. , and Sun , X. Nonorthogonality Analysis of Acoustics and Vorticity Modes: Should Thermoacoustic Energy Norm be Time-Invariant? Aerospace Science and Technology 77 2018 149 155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.02.036
  3. Kurien , C. , Srivastava , A.K. , and Lesbats , S. Experimental and Computational Study on the Microwave Energy Based Regeneration in Diesel Particulate Filter for Exhaust Emission Control Journal of the Energy Institute 93 6 2020 2133 2147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2020.05.008
  4. Kurien , C. , Srivastava , A.K. , Gandigudi , N. , and Anand , K. Soot Deposition Effects and Microwave Regeneration Modelling of Diesel Particulate Filtration System Journal of the Energy Institute 93 2 2020 463 473 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2019.07.005
  5. Liu , X. , Deng , B. , Jianqin , F. , Xu , Z. et al. The Effect of Air/Fuel Composition on the HC Emissions for a Twin-Spark Motorcycle Gasoline Engine: A Wide Condition Range Study Chemical Engineering Journal 355 2019 170 180 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.08.097
  6. Demirbas , A. Methane Gas Hydrate London Springer 2010
  7. Chen , X. , Li , J. , Feng , M. , Zhao , D. et al. Flame Stability and Combustion Characteristics of Liquid Fuel in a Meso-Scale Burner with Porous Media Fuel 251 2019 249 259
  8. Muralidharan , M. , Srivastava , A. , and Subramanian , M. A Technical Review on Performance and Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas—Diesel Dual Fuel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2019-28-2390 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-28-2390
  9. Imran , S. , Emberson , D.R. , Diez , A. , Wen , D.S. et al. Natural Gas Fueled Compression Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions Maps with Diesel and RME Pilot Fuels Appl Energ 124 2014 354 365
  10. Yousefi , A. , Birouk , M. , and Guo , H. An Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effect of Diesel Injection Timing on Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion at Low Load Fuel 203 2017 642 657 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.009
  11. Barik , D. and Murugan , S. Effects of Diethyl Ether (DEE) Injection on Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of Karanja Methyl Ester (KME)-Biogas Fueled Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuel 164 2016 286 296 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.094
  12. Wang , B. , Li , T. , Ge , L. , and Ogawa , H. Optimization of Combustion Chamber Geometry for Natural Gas Engines with Diesel Micro-Pilot-Induced Ignition Energy Convers Manag 122 2016 552 563 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.06.027
  13. Nithyanandan , K. , Zhang , J. , Li , Y. , Meng , X. et al. Diesel-Like Efficiency Using Compressed Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion J Energy Resour Technol 138 2016 52201 http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032621
  14. Di Blasio , G. , Belgiorno , G. , Beatrice , C. , Fraioli , V. et al. Experimental Evaluation of Compression Ratio Influence on the Performance of a Dual-Fuel Methane-Diesel Light-Duty Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 8 5 2015 2253 2267 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2460
  15. Belgiorno , G. , Di Blasio , G. , and Beatrice , C. Parametric Study and Optimization of the Main Engine Calibration Parameters and Compression Ratio of a Methane-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Fuel 222 2018 821 840 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.038
  16. Nithyanandan , K. , Lin , Y. , Donahue , R. , Meng , X. et al. Characterization of Soot from Diesel-CNG Dual-Fuel Combustion in a CI Engine Fuel 184 2016 145 152 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.06.028
  17. Mousavi , S.M. , Saray , R.K. , Poorghasemi , K. , and Maghbouli , A. A Numerical Investigation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Dual Fuel Engine at Part Load Condition Fuel 166 2016 309 319 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.052
  18. Sahoo , B.B. , Sahoo , N. , and Saha , U.K. Effect of Engine Parameters and Type of Gaseous Fuel on the Performance of Dual-Fuel Gas Diesel Engines—A Critical Review Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 2009 1151 1184 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.08.003
  19. Di Blasio , G. , Belgiorno , G. , and Beatrice , C. Effects on Performances, Emissions and Particle Size Distributions of a Dual Fuel (Methane-Diesel) Light-Duty Engine Varying the Compression Ratio Applied Energy 204 2017 726 740 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.103
  20. Di Blasio , G. , Belgiorno , G. , and Beatrice , C. Parametric Analysis of Compression Ratio Variation Effects on Thermodynamic, Gaseous Pollutant and Particle Emissions of a Dual-Fuel CH 4 -Diesel Light Duty Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0764 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0764
  21. Hosmath , R.S. , Banapurmath , N.R. , Khandal , S.V. , Gaitonde , V.N. et al. Effect of Compression Ratio, CNG Flow Rate and Injection Timing on the Performance of Dual Fuel Engine Operated on Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Renew Energy 93 2016 579 590 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.010
  22. Mattson , J. , Langness , C. , and Depcik , C. An Analysis of Dual Fuel Combustion of Diesel with Compressed Natural Gas in a Single Cylinder Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0248 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0248
  23. Königsson , F. , Stalhammar , P. , and Angstrom , H.E. Characterization and Potential of Dual Fuel Combustion in a Modern Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-2223 2011 https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2223
  24. Czarneski , F.E. , Och , S.H. , Moura , L.M. , and Domingues , E. Experimental Model for Prediction of Tip Temperature of Diesel Injector Nozzle in Dual-Fuel Engines International Journal of Thermal Sciences 138 2019 596 604 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.12.034
  25. Lee , S. , Kim , C. , Lee , S. , Lee , J. et al. Diesel Injector Nozzle Optimization for High CNG Substitution in a Dual-Fuel Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Fuel 262 2020 116607 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116607
  26. Liu , J. , Ma , B. , and Zhao , H. Combustion Parameters Optimization of a Diesel/Natural Gas Dual Fuel Engine Using Genetic Algorithm Fuel 260 2020 116365 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116365
  27. Guido , C. , Napolitano , P. , Fraioli , V. , Beatrice , C. et al. Assessment of Engine Control Parameters Effect to Minimize GHG Emissions in a Dual Fuel NG/Diesel Light Duty Engine SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0266 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0266
  28. Ma , J. , Lü , X. , Ji , L. , and Huang , Z. An Experimental Study of HCCI-DI Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine with Dual Fuel International Journal of Thermal Sciences 47 9 2008 1235 1242 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.10.007
  29. Napolitano , P. , Guido , C. , Beatrice , C. , and Del Giacomo , N. Application of a Dual Fuel Diesel-CNG Configuration in a Euro 5 Automotive Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0769 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0769
  30. De Simio , L. , Gambino , M. , and Iannaccone , S. Effects of Low Temperature Combustion on Particle and Gaseous Emission of a Dual Fuel Light Duty Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-24-0081 2017 https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0081
  31. Mansour , C. , Bounif , A. , Aris , A. , and Gaillard , F. Gas-Diesel (Dual-Fuel) Modeling in Diesel Engine Environment International Journal of Thermal Sciences 40 4 2001 409 424 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1290-0729(01)01223-6
  32. Zirngibl , S. and Wachtmeister , G. Extensive Investigation of a Common Rail Diesel Injector Regarding Injection Characteristics and the Resulting Influences on the Dual Fuel Pilot Injection Combustion Process SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0780 2016 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0780
  33. Agarwal , A.K. , Singh , A.P. , Maurya , R.K. , Shukla , P.C. et al. Combustion Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Engine Using Different Fuel Injection Strategies International Journal of Thermal Sciences 134 2018 475 484 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.07.001
  34. Ryan Walker , N. , Wissink , M.L. , DelVescovo , D.A. , and Reitz , R.D. Natural Gas for High Load Dual-Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition in Heavy-Duty Engines ASME. J. Energy Resour. Technol. 137 4 2015 042202 https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4030110
  35. Mbarawa , M. , Milton , B.E. , and Casey , R.T. Experiments and Modelling of Natural Gas Combustion Ignited by a Pilot Diesel Fuel Spray International Journal of Thermal Sciences 40 10 2001 927 936 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1290-0729(01)01279-0
  36. Azimov , U. , Tomita , E. , Kawahara , N. , and Harada , Y. Premixed Mixture Ignition in the End-Gas Region (PREMIER) Combustion in a Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Engine: Operating Range and Exhaust Emissions International Journal of Engine Research. 12 5 2011 484 497 https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087411409664
  37. Azimov , U. , Tomita , E. , and Kawahara , N. Chapter 2—Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Diesel Micro-Pilot Ignited Dual-Fuel Engine Bari , S. Diesel Engine-Combustion, Emissions and Condition Monitoring 2013 33 62 http://doi.org/10.5772/54613
  38. Mustafi , N.N. , Raine , R.R. , and Verhelst , S. Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of a Dual Fuel Engine Operated on Alternative Gaseous Fuels Fuel 109 2013 669 678 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.007
  39. Stewart , J. , Clarke , A. , and Chen , R. An Experimental Study of the Dual-Fuel Performance of a Small Compression Ignition Diesel Engine Operating with Three Gaseous Fuels Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221 2007 943 https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070JAUTO458
  40. Ghaffarzadeh , S. , Toosi , A.N. , and Hosseini , V. An Experimental Study on Low Temperature Combustion in a Light Duty Engine Fueled with Diesel/CNG and Biodiesel/CNG Fuel 262 2020 116495 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116495
  41. Kar , T. and Agarwal , A.K. Development of a Single Cylinder CNG Direct Injection Engine and Its Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology (IJOGCT) 10 2 2015 204 220 https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2015.070839
  42. Zhou , J.H. , Cheung , C.S. , and Leung , C.W. Combustion, Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine with H 2 , CH 4 and H 2 -CH 4 Addition International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 2014 4611 4621
  43. Mahla , S.K. , Das , L.M. , and Babu , M.K.G. Effect of EGR on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Natural Gas Fueled Diesel Engine Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 4 4 2010 523 530
  44. Nuntapap , N. , Singh , H. , and Laoonual , Y. Investigation of Abnormal Combustion Characteristics of Dual Fuel Engine using Natural Gas and Diesel as Fuels AEC—2010, the 4th TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Pattaya, Chonburi 2013
  45. Carlucci , A.P. , de Risi , A. , Laforgia , D. , and Naccarato , F. Experimental Investigation and Combustion Analysis of a Direct Injection Dual-Fuel Diesel-Natural Gas Engine Energy 33 2 2008 256 263 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.06.005
  46. Srna , A. , von Rotz , B. , Herrmann , K. , Boulouchos , K. et al. Experimental Investigation of Pilot-Fuel Combustion in Dual-Fuel Engines, Part 1: Thermodynamic Analysis of Combustion Phenomena Fuel 255 2019 115642 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115642
  47. Wang , Z. , Guizhi , D. , Wang , D. , Xu , Y. et al. Combustion Process Decoupling of a Diesel/Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Engine at Low Loads Fuel 232 2018 550 561 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.05.152
  48. Zhou , L. , Liu , Y.-F. , Wu , C.-B. et al. Effect of the Diesel Injection Timing and the Pilot Quantity on the Combustion Characteristics and the Fine-Particle Emissions in a Micro-Diesel Pilot-Ignited Natural-Gas Engine Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering. 227 8 2013 1142 1152 https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013480452
  49. Lee , J. , Lee , S. , Kim , C. et al. Characteristic of Energy Fractions and Emissions under Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Heavy-Duty Engine in Terms of the Combustion Parameters Int. J. Automot. Technol. 21 2020 103 113 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0011-1
  50. Peter , A. , Riess , S. , Wensing , M. , Fruehhaber , J. , and Lauer , T. Investigation of Mixture Formation and Flammability of Natural Gas and Diesel under Dual Fuel Operating Conditions in the Limits of Flame-quenching and Knocking 9th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine Systems (COMODIA 2017) Okayama, Japan C302 2017
  51. Shu , J. , Jianqin , F. , Zhang , Y. , Xie , M. et al. Influences of Natural Gas Energy Fraction on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Pilot Ignition Natural Gas Engine Based on a Reduced Chemical Kinetic Model Fuel 261 2020 116432 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116432
  52. Yang , B. and Zeng , K. Effects of Natural Gas Injection Timing and Split Pilot Fuel Injection Strategy on the Combustion Performance and Emissions in a Dual-Fuel Engine Fueled with Diesel and Natural Gas Energy Conversion and Management 168 2018 162 169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.091
  53. Yang , B. , Wang , L. , Ning , L. , and Zeng , K. Effects of Pilot Injection Timing on the Combustion Noise and Particle Emissions of a Diesel/Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Engine at Low Load Applied Thermal Engineering 102 2016 822 828 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.03.126
  54. Yang , B. , Xi , C. , Wei , X. , Zeng , K. et al. Parametric Investigation of Natural Gas Port Injection and Diesel Pilot Injection on the Combustion and Emissions of a Turbocharged Common Rail Dual-Fuel Engine at Low Load Applied Energy 143 2015 130 137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.037
  55. Yang , B. , Wei , X. , Xi , C. , Liu , Y. et al. Experimental Study of the Effects of Natural Gas Injection Timing on the Combustion Performance and Emissions of a Turbocharged Common Rail Dual-Fuel Engine Energy Conversion and Management 87 2014 297 304 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.030
  56. Muralidharan , M. , Srivastava , A. , and Subramanian , M. Full Load Investigation of CNG—Diesel Dual-Fuel Heavy-Duty Engine with Selective Catalytic Reduction on Engine Performance and Emissions for Its Potential Use SAE Int. J. Engines 15 3 2022 https://doi.org/10.4271/03-15-03-0020
  57. Muralidharan , M. , Srivastava , A. , and Subramanian , M. Investigation of Performance and Exhaust Emissions of CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine under Different Engine Speed and Load Conditions SAE Int. J. Engines 15 4 2022 https://doi.org/10.4271/03-15-04-0029
  58. Tesfa , B. , Mishra , R. , Zhang , C. , Gu , F. et al. Combustion and Performance Characteristics of CI (Compression Ignition) Engine Running with Biodiesel Energy 51 2013 101 115 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.010
  59. Uludamar , E. , Karaman , V. , Yildizhan , S. , and Serin , H. Improvement of Density, Viscosity and Cold Flow Properties of Palm Oil Biodiesel by Alcohol Addition International Journal of Engineering Technologies IJET 2 2 2016 64 67 https://doi.org/10.19072/ijet.79988
  60. Lee , C.-f. , Pang , Y. , Han , W. , Nithyanandan , K. et al. An Optical Investigation of Substitution Rates on Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion in a Diesel Engine Applied Energy 261 2020 114455 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114455
  61. Payri , F. , Luján , J.M. , Martín , J. , and Abbad , A. Digital Signal Processing of In-Cylinder Pressure for Combustion Diagnosis of Internal Combustion Engines Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 24 6 2010 1767 1784 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.12.011
  62. Brunt , M.F. and Platts , K.C. Calculation of Heat Release in Direct Injection Diesel Engines SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0187 1999 https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-0187
  63. Ashok , B. and Nanthagopal , K. Chapter 15—Eco Friendly Biofuels for CI Engine Applications Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment Woodhead Publishing Series 2019 407 440 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102728-8.00015-2
  64. Papagiannakis , R.G. , Rakopoulos , C.D. , Hountalas , D.T. , and Rakopoulos , D.C. Emission Characteristics of High Speed, Dual Fuel, Compression Ignition Engine Operating in a Wide Range of Natural Gas/Diesel Fuel Proportions Fuel 89 7 2010 1397 1406 https://doi.org/10.1013/j.fuel.2009.11.001
  65. Massey , J.A. 2008
  66. Papagiannakis , R.G. and Hountalas , D.T. Experimental Investigation Concerning the Effect of Natural Gas Percentage on Performance and Emissions of a DI Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Appl. Therm. Eng. 23 3 2003 353 365
  67. Wei , L. and Geng , P. A Review on Natural Gas/Diesel Dual Fuel Combustion, Emissions and Performance Fuel Processing Technology 142 2016 264 278
  68. Mikulski , M. and Wierzbicki , S. Numerical Investigation of the Impact of Gas Composition on the Combustion Process in a Dual-Fuel Compression-Ignition Engine Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 31 2016 525 537

Cited By