J2954_202010 Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology
Revised
10/20/2020
- Features
- Issuing Committee
- Content
- The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging.In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers.SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard. This standard is intended to be used in stationary applications (charging while vehicle is not in motion); dynamic applications may be considered in the future. In this version, only above-ground (surface mounted) installations are covered; flush mounted installations have been discussed but are not yet ready for inclusion.SAE J2954 contains requirements for safety, performance, and interoperability. It also contains recommended methods for evaluating electromagnetic emissions, but the requirements and test procedures are controlled by regulatory bodies. Development of the interoperability requirements in this standard employed a performance-based evaluation of candidate designs using a standardized test station and procedures, resulting in defining reference devices which are used to determine acceptable performance of products.
- Content
- Electrified powertrains, specifically battery electric and plug-in electric (BEV/PHEV) vehicles, are projected to become more prevalent in production internationally due to environmental factors (such as GHG, CO2 emissions), regulations (such as the EU, China, U.S. EPA regulations, and the California ZEV mandates), as well as the increasing price of fossil fuels. The main benefits of electrified powertrains are eliminating or significantly reducing local emissions while increasing the overall well-to-wheels efficiency. In addition, automated vehicles are soon to be more commonplace to allow more convenient and safer transportation, especially in traffic settings and long-distance driving.Standardized wireless power transfer (WPT, also called wireless charging) allows the BEV/PHEV customer an automated, seamless, and more convenient alternative to plug-in (conductive) charging. Essentially, the customer simply needs to park in an SAE J2954-compatible parking space in order to charge the vehicle. WPT offers the additional advantage to automated vehicles enabling autonomous parking with alignment assistance and automated charging (in all weather conditions, such as rain or snow).This standard is an evolution of SAE J2954, which is based on actual bench testing and vehicle interoperable data taken around the world. SAE J2954 is meant to harmonize with standards developing organizations in order to make a world-wide WPT standard to 11.1 kVA, useful for commercial applications. The SAE Task Force (TF) harmonized with numerous standard organizations (AAMI, ANSI, CISPR, GB, ISO, IEC, UL, VDA) towards these goals and specifically the documents produced in ISO and IEC. The SAE J2954 TF has worked directly with government agencies to gain feedback (U.S. DOE, U.S. FCC, U.S. FDA) and testing actual systems both in government laboratories and private. The SAE J2954 TF has documented the lessons learned from the first stage of testing with real OEM systems in accompanying SAE technical data reports (see Section 2). It is essential that data-based standards are used as a basis for commercialization of this technology.
- Pages
- 194
- Citation
- SAE International Technical Standard, Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology, SAE Standard J2954_202010, Revised October 2020, Issued May 2016, https://doi.org/10.4271/J2954_202010.