This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Laminar Burning Velocity of Alcohol Reforming Products and Effects of Cellularity on Flame Propagation
Technical Paper
2015-01-0775
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Utilizing heat of exhaust gases for on-board alcohol reforming process (thermo-chemical recuperation - TCR) is a promising way of increasing the internal combustion engine (ICE) efficiency and emissions mitigation. Knowledge of the laminar burning velocity of alcohol reforming products is necessary for simulating performance of internal combustion engines with TCR and for in-depth studies of the combustion process.
Laminar burning velocities of H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 mixtures that simulate methanol and ethanol steam reforming products for various water-alcohol ratios are investigated in this work. The influence of flame cellularity on burning velocity is studied as well. The burning velocity is measured experimentally using a spherical closed combustion vessel. Measurements are taken by a pressure measurement method during the pressure-rise period and prior to it by a high-speed Schlieren photography.
The burning velocity is mapped as a function of CO and CH4 selectivity's of the reforming process as well as for various air-excess factors (λ=1, 1.3, 1.6, 1.9). Maximal burning velocities up to 140cm/sec are observed for mixtures produced from reforming processes with zero CH4 selectivity. For stoichiometric mixtures the burning velocity is found to be not affected by change in CO selectivity. In contrast, for lean mixtures, an increase in CO selectivity is shown to yield lower burning velocities. Higher CH4 selectivity results in strong decrease in burning velocities for both stoichiometric and lean mixtures. Flame cellularity that increases burning velocity is found to occur earlier in mixtures with higher hydrogen content and at higher air-excess factors.
Authors
Citation
Omari, A., Shapiro, M., and Tartakovsky, L., "Laminar Burning Velocity of Alcohol Reforming Products and Effects of Cellularity on Flame Propagation," SAE Technical Paper 2015-01-0775, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0775.Also In
References
- International Energy Agency World energy outlook 2011 OECD/IEA Paris, France 9 November 2011
- White , C.M. , Stepper , R.R. , and Lutz , A.E. The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2006 31 1292 1305
- Das , L.M Exhaust emission characterization of hydrogen operated engine systems: nature of pollutants and their control techniques International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 1991 16 765 75
- Hansen , J.B. and Nielsen , P.E.H. Methanol Synthesis Ertl , G. , Knözinger , H. , Schûth , F. , Weitkamp , J. Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis Second 2008 6 2920 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim
- Chakravarthy , V.K. , Daw , C.S. , Pihl , J.A. , Conklin , J.C. Study of the Theoretical Potential of Thermochemical Exhaust Heat Recuperation for Internal Combustion Engines Energy Fuels 24 3 1529 1537 2010 10.1021/ef901113b
- Petterson , L. , Sjostrom , K. Decomposed Methanol as a Fuel-A review Combustion Science and Technology 80 4-6 265 303 1991 10.1080/00102209108951788
- Sá S. , Silva , H. , Brandão , L. , Sousa , J.M. et al. Catalysts for methanol steam reforming-A review Applied Catalysis B:Enviromental 99 43 57 2010 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.06.015
- Lorenzut , B. , Montini , T. , De Rogatis , L. , Canton , P. et al. Hydrogen production through alcohol steam reforming on Cu/ZnO based catalysts Applied Catalysis B:Enviromental 101 3-4 397 408 2011 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.10.009
- Ciambelli P. , Palma* V. , Ruggiero A. Low temperature catalytic steam reforming of ethanol. 2. Preliminary kinetic investigation of Pt/CeO2 catalysts Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 96 190 197 2010 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.02.019
- Rijo , G.S. , Bion , N. , Blanchard , G. , Rousseau , S. et al. Thermodynamic and experimental studies of catalytic reforming of exhaust gas recirculation in gasoline engines Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 102 44 53 2011 10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.11.023
- Broeren , M. , Kempener , R. , Simbolotti , G. and Tosato , G. Production of bio-methanol. Technology brief IEA- ETSAP and IRENA© Technology Brief I08 28 January 2013 http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/IRENA-ETSAP%20Tech%20Brief%20I08%20Production_of_Bio-methanol.pdf March 31 2013
- Cao W. , Chen G. , Li S. , Yuan Q. Methanol-steam reforming over a ZnO-Cr2O3/CeO2-ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst Chemical Engineering Journal 119 93 98 2006 10.1016/j.cej.2006.03.008
- Trimm , D.L. Coke formation and minimisation during steam reforming reactions Catalysis Today 37 233 238 1997 10.1016/S0920-5861(97)00014-X
- Vicente , J. , Erena , J. , Montero , C. , Azkoiti , M.J. et al Reaction pathway for ethanol steam reforming on a Ni/SiO2 catalyst including coke formation International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 10 2014 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.09.073
- Poran , A. , Artoul , M. , Sheintuch , M. , and Tartakovsky , L. Modeling Internal Combustion Engine with Thermo-Chemical Recuperation of the Waste Heat by Methanol Steam Reforming SAE Int. J. Engines 7 1 234 242 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1101
- Tartakovsky , L. , Baibikov , V. , Gutman , M. , Mosyak , A. et al. Performance Analysis of SI Engine Fueled by Ethanol Steam Reforming Products SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1992 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1992
- Tartakovsky , L. , Baibikov , V. , and Veinblat , M. Comparative Performance Analysis of SI Engine Fed by Ethanol and Methanol Reforming Products SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2617 2013 10.4271/2013-01-2617
- Tartakovsky , L. , Mosyak , A. and Zvirin , Y. Energy analysis of ethanol steam reforming for internal combustion engine Int. J. Energy Research 37 259 267 2013 10.1002/er.1908
- Dam , B. , Ardha , V. , Choudhuri , A. Laminar Flame Velocity of syngas fuels Journal of Energy Resources Technology 132 4 044501 044501-5 2010 10.1115/1.4002762
- He , Y. , Wang , Z. , Weng , W. , Zhu , Y et al. Effects of CO content on laminar burning velocity of typical syngas by heat flux method and kinetic modeling International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 39 17 9534 9544 2014 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.216
- Natarajan , J. , Lieuwen , T. , Seitzman , J. Laminar flame speeds of H2/CO mixtures: Effect of CO2 dilution, preheat temperature, and pressure Combustion and Flame 151 104 119 2007 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.05.003
- Chen , Z. , and Ju . Y. Theoretical analysis of the evolution from ignition kernel to flame ball and planar flame Combustion Theory and Modelling 11 3 427 453 2007 10.1080/13647830600999850
- Kelley , A.P. , Law , C.K. Nonlinear effects in the extraction of laminar flame speeds from expanding spherical flames Combustion and Flame 156 1844 1851 2009
- Halter , F. , Tahtouh , T. , Mounaïm-Rousselle , C. Nonlinear effects of stretch on the flame front propagation Combustion and Flame 157 1825 1832 2010
- Karlovitz , B. , Denniston , D.W. Jr. , Knapschaefer , D.H. , Wells , F.E Studies on turbulent flames Symposium (International) on Combustion 4 613 620 1953
- Clavin , P. Dynamic behavior of premixed flame fronts in laminar and turbulent flows Prog. Ener. Combust. Sci. 11 1 1 59 1985 10.1016/0360-1285(85)90012-7
- Lewis , B. , and von Elbe , G. Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases third 1987
- Bradley , D. , Sheppard , C. G. W. and Woolley , R. Development and Structure of Flame Instabilities and cellularity at Low Markstein Numbers in Explosions Combustion and flame 209 122 195 2000
- Burluka , A. A. , Hussin El-Dein , A. M. T. , Mandilas , Ch. and Sheppard , C.G.W. Experimental study of role of instabilities in turbulent premixed combustion 6th Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer 2009
- O'Donovan K.H. , Rallis , C.J. Determination of the Burning Velocity of a Gas Mixture in a Spherical Constant Volume Combustion Vessel Combustion and Flame 3 201 214 1959 10.1016/0010-2180(59)90022-7
- Bradley , D. , Haq , M. Z. , Hicks , R. A. , Kitagawa , T. et al. Turbulent burning velocity, burned gas distribution, and associated flame surface definition Combustion and flame 133 415 430 2003 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.08.001
- Bradley , D. , Lawes , M. , Mansour , M. S. Correlation of turbulent burning velocities of ethanol-air in a fan stirred bomb up to 1.2 MPa Combustion and Flame 158 123 138 2011 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.08.001
- Luijten , C.C.M. , Doosje , E. , de Goey , L.P.H. Accurate analytical models for fractional pressure rise in constant volume combustion International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48 1213 1222 2009 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.12.020
- Luijten , C.C.M. , Doosje , E. , van Oijen , J.A. , de Goey , L.P.H. Impact of dissociation and end pressure on determination of laminar burning velocities in constant volume combustion International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48 1206 1212 2009 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.10.006
- Metghalchi , M. , Keck , J.C. Laminar burning velocity of propane-air mixtures at high temperature and pressure Combustion and Flame 38 143 54 1980 10.1016/0010-2180(80)90046-2
- Manton , J. , von Elbe , G. and Lewis , B. Nonisotropic propagation of combustion waves in explosive gas mixtures and the development of cellular flames J. Chem. Phys. 20 153 57 1951 10.1063/1.1700159