This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Study of Two Basic Issues Relevant to RANS Simulations of Stratified Turbulent Combustion in a Spray-Guided Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine
Technical Paper
2014-01-2572
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A Spray-Guided (SG) Direct-Injection (DI) Spark-Ignition (SI) engine is widely recognized to be a promising technology capable for substantially reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Accordingly, there is a strong need for developing models of some effects specific to stratified turbulent burning under conditions of elevated and rapidly varying pressure. Two such effects were addressed in the present work by performing unsteady three-dimensional URANS simulations of stratified turbulent combustion in a SG DISI engine. First, a simple method of evaluation equilibrium combustion temperature, implemented into the CFD code OpenFOAM®, was improved in order to take into account the dissociation of the combustion products. Second, stratified turbulent combustion is affected by fluctuations in mixture composition. A widely used approach to modeling this effect consists of invoking a presumed Probability Density Function (PDF) for mixture fraction f. Because parameters of this PDF 
are determined using the first and second Favre moments of the mixture fraction field, the PDF is density-weighted. However, the canonical PDF Pf is required to average certain important combustion characteristics that are straightforwardly relevant to local burning rate e.g. the laminar flame speed or the product density. In the present work, the relation between the Favre and canonical PDFs was investigated under conditions associated with burning in a SG DISI engine. Finally, the stratified turbulent combustion model which involved the above mentioned two sub-models was validated against engine experiments under different operating conditions.
are determined using the first and second Favre moments of the mixture fraction field, the PDF is density-weighted. However, the canonical PDF Pf is required to average certain important combustion characteristics that are straightforwardly relevant to local burning rate e.g. the laminar flame speed or the product density. In the present work, the relation between the Favre and canonical PDFs was investigated under conditions associated with burning in a SG DISI engine. Finally, the stratified turbulent combustion model which involved the above mentioned two sub-models was validated against engine experiments under different operating conditions.Authors
Citation
Huang, C., Lipatnikov, A., Johansen, L., and Hemdal, S., "A Study of Two Basic Issues Relevant to RANS Simulations of Stratified Turbulent Combustion in a Spray-Guided Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2572, 2014, https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2572.Also In
References
- Drake , M.C. and Haworth , D.D. Advanced Gasoline Engine Development Using Optical Diagnostics and Numerical Modeling Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 1 99 124 2007 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.120
- Schwarz , C. , Schünemann , E. , Durst , B. , Fischer , J. et al. Potentials of the Spray-Guided BMW DI Combustion System SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-1265 2006 10.4271/2006-01-1265
- Baritaud , T.A. , Duglos , J.M. and Fusco , A. Modeling Turbulent Combustion and Pollutant Formation in Stratified Charge SI Engines Symposium (International) on Combustion 26 2 2627 2635 1996 10.1016/S0082-0784(96)80097-X
- Jasak , H. , Weller , H. , and Nordin , N. In-Cylinder CFD Simulation Using a C++ Object-Oriented Toolkit SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0110 2004 10.4271/2004-01-0110
- Bradley , D. , Gaskell , P.H. , and Lau , A.K.C. A Mixedness-Reactedness Flamelet Model for Turbulent Diffusion Flames Proc. Combust. Inst. 23 1 685 692 1990 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80317-6
- Bradley , D. , Gaskell , P.H. , and Gu , X.J. The Mathematical Modeling of Liftoff and Blowoff of Turbulent Non-Premixed Methane Jet Flames at High Strain Rates Proc. Combust. Inst. 27 1 1199 1206 1998 10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80523-7
- Müller , C.M. , Breitbach , H. , and Peters , N. Partially Premixed Turbulent Flame Propagation in Jet Flames Proc. Combust. Inst. 25 1 1099 1106 1994 10.1016/S0082-0784(06)80747-2
- Chen , M. , Herrmann , M. , and Peters , N. Flamelet Modeling of Lifted Turbulent Methane/Air and Propane/Air Jet Diffusion Flames Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 1 167 174 2000 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80208-8
- Bigot , P. , Champion , M. , and Garréton-Bruguieres , D. Modeling a Turbulent Reactive Flow with Variable Equivalence Ratio: Application to a Flame Stabilized by a Two-Dimensional Sudden Expansion Combust. Sci. and Tech. 158 299 320 2000
- Wallesten , J. , Lipatnikov , A.N. , Chomiak , J. Modeling of Stratified Combustion in a DI SI Engine Using Detailed Chemistry Pre-Processing Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 1 703 709 2002 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80090-6
- Bondi , S. , and Jones , W.P. A Combustion Model for Premixed Flames with Varying Stoichiometry Proc. Combust. Inst. 29 2 2123 2129 2002 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80258-9
- Polifke , W. , Flohr , P. , and Brandt , M. Modeling of Inhomogeneously Premixed Combustion with an Extended TFC Model ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 124 1 58 65 2002
- Domingo , P. , Vervisch , L. , and Bray , K.N.C. Partially Premixed Flamelets in LES of Nonpremixed Turbulent Combustion Combust. Theory Model 6 4 529 551 2002 10.1088/1364-7830/6/4/301
- Nogenmyr , K.J. , Petersson , P. , Bai , X.S. , Nauert , A. , Olofsson , J. , Brackman , C. , Seyfried , H. , Zetterberg , J. , Li , Z.S. , Richter , M. , Dreizler A. , Linne , M. , and Aldén , M. Large Eddy Simulation and Experiments of Stratified Lean Premixed Methane/Air Turbulent Flames Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 1 1467 1475 2007 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.038
- Nogenmyr , K.J. , Fureby , C. , Bai , X.S. , Petersson , P. , Collin , R. , and Linne , M. Large Eddy Simulation and Laser Diagnostic Studies on a Low Swirl Stratified Premixed Flame Combust. Flame 155 1 357 368 2008 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.06.014
- Li , B. , Baudoin , E. , Yu , R. , Sun , Z.W. , Li , Z.S. , Bai , X.S. , Aldén , M. , and Mansour , M.S. Experimental and Numerical Study of a Conical Turbulent Partially Premixed Flame Proc. Combust. Inst. 32 2 1811 1818 2009 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.088
- Nogenmyr , K.J. , Kiefer , J. , Li , Z.S. , Bai , X.S. , and Aldén , M. Numerical Computations and Optical Diagnostics of Unsteady Partially Premixed Methane/Air Flames Combust. Flame 157 5 915 924 2010 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.11.012
- Markstein , G.H. Nonsteady Flame Propagation MacMillan New York 1964
- Williams , F.A. Turbulent combustion Buckmaster J.D. The Mathematics of Combustion SIAM Philadelphia 97 128 1985
- Huang , C. , Yasari , E. , and Lipatnikov , A. A Numerical Study on Stratified Turbulent Combustion in a Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engine Using an Open-Source Code SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1126 2014 10.4271/2014-01-1126
- Huang , C. , Lipatnikov , A. A Comparison of Various Models of the Influence of Turbulent Fluctuations in the Local Mixture Fraction on Burning Rate in a Partially Premixed Flame Proceedings of 6th European Combustion Meeting Lund, Sweden 25 28 June 2013 CD 6
- Ogink , R. and Golovitchev , V. Gasoline HCCI Modeling: An Engine Cycle Simulation Code with a Multi-Zone Combustion Model SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1745 2002 10.4271/2002-01-1745
- Huang , C. , Golovitchev , V. , and Lipatnikov , A. Chemical Model of Gasoline-Ethanol Blends for Internal Combustion Engine Applications SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0543 2010 10.4271/2010-01-0543
- Huang , C. and Lipatnikov , A. Modelling of Gasoline and Ethanol Hollow-Cone Sprays Using OpenFOAM SAE Technical Paper 2011-01-1896 2011 10.4271/2011-01-1896
- Hemdal , S. , Denbratt , I. , Dahlander , P. , and Warnberg , J. Stratified Cold Start Sprays of Gasoline-Ethanol Blends SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 2 1 683 696 2009 10.4271/2009-01-1496
- Lipatnikov , A. Fundamentals of Premixed Turbulent Combustion CRC Press New York 9781466510241 2012
- Lipatnikov , A.N. , and Chomiak , J. Turbulent Flame Speed and Thickness: Phenomenology, Evaluation, and Application in Multi-Dimensional Simulations Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 28 1 1 73 2002 10.1016/S0360-1285(01)00007-7
- Bray K.N.C. , and Moss , J.B. A Unified Statistical Model of the Premixed Turbulent Flame Acta Astronautica 4 291 319 1977
- Launder , B.E. and Spalding , D.B. Mathematical Models of Turbulence Academic Press London 1972
- Zimont , V. Theory of Turbulent Combustion of a Homogeneous Fuel Mixture at High Reynolds Number Combustion, Explosions, and Shock Waves 15 305 311 1979
- Demoulin , F.X. and Borghi , R. Modeling of Turbulent Spray Combustion with Application to Diesel Like Experiment Combust. Flame 129 3 281 293 2002 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00340-1
- Colin , O. and Benkenida , A. A New Scalar Fluctuation Model to Predict Mixing in Evaporating Two-Phase Flows Combust. Flame 134 3 207 227 2003 10.1016/S0010-2180(03)00096-8
- Lucchini , T. , D'Errico , G. , Onorati , A. , Bonandrini , G. et al. Development of a CFD Approach to Model Fuel-Air Mixing in Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0146 2012 10.4271/2012-01-0146
- Lucchini , T. , Fiocco , M. , Onorati , A. , Montanaro , A. et al. Full-Cycle CFD Modeling of Air/Fuel Mixing Process in an Optically Accessible GDI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 6 3 1610 1625 2013 10.4271/2013-24-0024
- Darbyshire , O.R. , and Swaminathan , N. A Presumed Joint Pdf Model for Turbulent Combustion with Varying Equivalence Ratio Combust. Sci. Technol. 184 2036 2067 2012
- Libby , P.A. and Bray , K.N.C. Variable Density Effects in Premixed Turbulent Flames AIAA J 15 1186 1193 1977
- Kee , R.J. , Miller , J.A. , and Jefferson , T.H. CHEMKIN: A General-Purpose, Problem-Independent, Transportable, FORTRAN Chemical Kinetics Code Package Sandia National Laboratories Report SAND80-8003 1980