This SAE Recommended Practice has been set up by Subcommittee 4 of the Off-Road Machinery Technical Committee and is primarily for directional control valves on construction and industrial machinery equipment as referenced in SAE J1116. The purpose is to establish port area to flow relationship and match valve spool eye ends in relation to rated capacity. Port connections are optional for either the 4-bolt split flange connection or the internal straight thread "O" ring connection.

Authors: Udit Kaul, Mahendarpal and Madhusudan Joshi Organization: International Centre for Automotive Technology, Manesar Introduction: In this paper, a study concerning multi-point CNG injectors (MPCI) or commonly known as injector rail would be presented. Here we would make a detailed analysis regarding the performance of MPCIs due to variation in physical and electrical parameters. In this case multiple MPCIs would be considered and there electrical and dimension parameters would be compared with respect to their performance. The performance comparison would be done based on the common compliance standard under standard laboratory conditions. We would also like to propose the optimal combination of electrical and dimension parameters for better performance. The variables to be considered for the proposed study are: injector valve open/shut timing, injector dimension, voltage levels, solenoid types etc. Key words : multi-point CNG injectors, injector valve, solenoid

This article proposes a novel approach to reduce the destabilizing impacts of the shifted loads of heavy trucks (due to improper loading or liquid slosh) by pneumatic suspension design. In this regard, the pneumatically balanced suspension with dual leveling valves is introduced, and its potential for the improvement of the body imbalance due to the shifted load is determined. The analysis is based on a multi-domain model that couples the suspension fluid dynamics, shifted-load impacts, and tractor-semitrailer dynamics. Truck dynamics is simulated using TruckSim, which is integrated with the pneumatic suspension model developed in AMESim. This yields a reasonable prediction of the effect of the suspension airflow dynamics on vehicle dynamics. Moreover, the ability of the pneumatic suspension to counteract the effects of two general shifted loads - static (rigid cargo) and dynamic (liquid) - is studied. The simulation results indicate that the dual-leveling-valve suspension results in a reduction in roll angle and roll rate of the vehicle body for both static and dynamic load-shifting cases, as compared to the conventional single-leveling-valve suspension. Suppression of…

These procedures cover the following: Section 3 - Cone end connections for flared tube and brazed ferrule, with and without gasket. Section 4 - Boss end connections, positioned type, with back-up ring. Section 5 - Boss end connections, positioned type, without back-up ring. Section 6 - Boss end connections, non-positioned type. Section 7 - Bulkhead connections.

The usual method of calculating spring deflection is to assume the end force acts through the central axis of the spring. The author takes a different approach where he calculates the eccentricity of the end force and from this calculates the spring deflection due to combined bending and torsion using a completely new model which he names the Noonan XymT Method. Also, the usual method widely used, where a strain energy approach is used, is proven to be in error. That statement is proven using a special example. Rough measurements have shown that the displacements calculated using the Strain Energy Method, can have errors as high as 40%, at a position up 0.6 coils from the bottom of the spring, and 10% at the top of the spring. The reason for this error has been identified, and calculations using Noonan’s XymT Method greatly reduces, if not eliminates, this error. This is particularly relevant in calculating individual coil stiffness and binding. With the displacement calculated, the combined complex stress due to bending tensile stress and torsional…

This paper describes the design of a novel pneumatic gear shifting system to replace the existing gear stick manual shifting system for ease of the driver while shifting gears. The aim of this work is to have a semi-automatic shifting (pneumatic shifting) removing the need for the driver clutch operation. The system consists of a solenoid valve, CO2 gas-pressurized cylinder, double-acting cylinder, and single-acting cylinder. On basis of the signal received the gear needs to be changed, the shifter opens or closes a magnetic valve assembly. The solenoid valve allows the compressed air into the piston that comes from a pressurized cylinder, in order to create the effect of shifting gears. The pedal shifter and buttons are used to shift the gears. The pedal shifter was designed by using a 3-D printing technique using PLA material. The microcontroller used is ATMEGA-328 in this system. There are three switches, one for upshift, downshift, and clutch respectively. An algorithm has been created in a microcontroller for a sequential gearbox of CBR 600RR. The system has been so…

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a widely used solid state welding process in which its heats metal to the below recrystallization temperature due to frictional force. FSW mostly avoids welding defects like hot cracking and porosity which are mainly occur in conventional welding techniques. In this process the combination of frictional force and the mechanical work provide heating the base metal to get defect free weld joints. Aluminium Alloys 2014 and 6061 are generally used in a wide range of automobile applications like Engine valves and tie rod, shipbuilding, and aerospace due to their high corrosion resistance, lightweight, and good mechanical properties. In the present work, aluminium alloys of AA6061 and AA2014 were effectively welded by friction stir welding technique. The tool rotational speed, travel speed, and tool profile are the important parameters in FSW process. High Speed Steel (HSS) tool with Hexagonal profile is used for this joining. The tool rotational speed is varied form 700, 1000 and 1400 rpm and the travel speed is varied from 25, 30 and 50 mm/min. From the…