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Ice formation in aircraft fuel systems results from the presence of dissolved and undissolved water in the fuel. Dissolved water or water in solution with hydrocarbon fuels constitutes a relatively small part of the total water potential in a particular system with the quantity dissolved being primarily dependent on the fuel temperature and the water solubility characteristics of the fuel. One condition of undissolved water is entrained water, such as water particles suspended in the fuel as a result of mechanical agitation of free water or conversion of dissolved water through temperature reduction. This can be considered as analogous to an emulsion state. Another condition of undissolved water is free water which may be introduced as a result of refueling or the settling of entrained water which collects at the bottom of a fuel tank in easily detectable quantities separated by a continuous interface from the fuel above. Water may also be introduced as a result of condensation from
This SAE Standard specifies the major dimensions and tolerances for Engine Flywheel Housings and the Mating Transmission Housing Flanges. It also locates the crankshaft flange face or the transmission pilot bore (or pilot bearing bore) stop face in relation to housing SAE flange face. This document is not intended to cover the design of the flywheel housing face mating with the engine crankcase rear face or the design of housing walls and ribs. Housing strength analysis and the selection of housing materials are also excluded. This document applies to any internal combustion engine which can utilize SAE No. 6 through SAE No. 00 size flywheel housing for mounting a transmission
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the minimum performance requirements and test parameters for air cargo unit load devices requiring approval of airworthiness for installation in an approved aircraft cargo compartment and restraint system that complies with the cargo restraint requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9.0-g forward ultimate inertia force of § 25.561 (b)(3)(ii
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the inside diameters, cross-sections, tolerances, and size identification codes (dash numbers) for O-rings used in sealing applications and for straight thread tube fitting boss gaskets. The dimensions and tolerances specified in this standard are suitable for any elastomeric material provided that suitable tooling is available
Male pipe threads, including male dryseal pipe threads, when made into assemblies or installed into ports, will generally leak if not covered with a sealant. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide to assist designers and/or users in the selection and application of various types of thread sealants. The designers and users must make a systematic review of each type and application and then select the sealant to fulfill the requirements of the application. The following are general guidelines and are not necessarily a complete list
This FMEA standard describes potential failure mode and effects analysis in design (DFMEA), supplemental FMEA-MSR, and potential failure mode and effects analysis in manufacturing and assembly processes (PFMEA). It assists users in the identification and mitigation of risk by providing appropriate terms, requirements, rating charts, and worksheets. As a standard, this document contains requirements—”must”—and recommendations—”should”—to guide the user through the FMEA process. The FMEA process and documentation must comply with this standard as well as any corporate policy concerning this standard. Documented rationale and agreement with the customer are necessary for deviations in order to justify new work or changed methods during customer or third-party audit reviews
The intent of this specification is for the procurement of carbon fiber and fiberglass epoxy prepreg products with 350 °F (177 °C) cure for aerospace applications; therefore, no qualification or equivalency threshold values are provided. Users that intend to conduct a new material qualification or equivalency program must refer to the production quality assurance section (4.3) of this base specification, AMS6891
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.125 to 0.249 inch (3.20 to 6.30 mm) incl, in nominal thickness (see 8.7
Scope is unavailable
Scope is unavailable
This specification covers the performance requirements for a plug and receptacle. The connector inserts may contain multiple termini or multiple termini and electrical contacts. The connectors use removable termini, or removable termini and electrical contacts, and are capable of operating within a temperature range of −65 to +200 °C (see 1.2.1.1). These connectors are supplied under AS9100 reliability assurance program
This document recommends standard gland dimensions for static radial O-ring seal applications specifically for engine and engine control systems and provides recommendations for modifying these glands in special applications
This specification covers a low-alloy steel in the form of bare welding wire. Type 2 - copper coated wire was removed from this document (see 8.5
Scope is unavailable
The scope of SAE J3062 covers hose intended for containing and circulating lubricant, liquid, and gaseous R-134a, R-152a, and/or R-1234yf refrigerant in automotive air-conditioning systems. The hose shall be designed to minimize permeation of the refrigerant, contamination of the system, and to be functional over a temperature range of -30 to 125 °C. Specific construction details are to be agreed upon between the user and supplier. Requirements for the hose used in coupled automotive refrigerant air-conditioning assemblies are included in SAE J2064. SAE J3062 separates requirements for the hose used in these assemblies into its own standard. SAE J2064 also provides the necessary refrigerant permeation values used in SAE J2727. Mobile air-conditioning system refrigerant emissions rates are established in SAE J2727 emission charts and are important. The certified coupling of MAC hose assemblies is required in meeting certain regulatory requirements. Therefore, the scope of SAE J2064 has
This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods for characterizing lithium-ion battery electrolytes. These test methods are applicable to existing electrolyte materials and allow different facilities to conduct testing in a common manner. Solid electrolytes are expected to be commercially used for large scale batteries in the future. However, characterizing solid electrolytes may require methods different from those contained in this document. Such methods are not addressed in this document. It is not within the scope of this document to establish acceptance criteria for test results, as this is usually established between the vendor and customer. It is also not within the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of an electrolyte, since these are influenced by electrolyte composition. In addition, establishing an electrolyte composition appropriate for all applications is not feasible
This SAE Recommended Practice describes a test method for measuring the forces and moments generated at a high frequency response spindle when a rolling tire impacts a cleat. The cleat is configured either with its crest perpendicular, 90 degrees, to the path of the tire or optionally with its crest inclined at an angle to the path of the tire. The carriage to which the spindle is attached is rigidly constrained in position during each test condition to provide a good approximation to fixed loaded radius operation. The method discussed in this document provides impact force and moment time histories essentially free from variations due to tire non-uniformities. The method applies to any size tire so long as the equipment is properly scaled to conduct the measurements for the intended test tire. The data are suitable for use in determining parameters for road load models and for comparative evaluations of the measured properties in research and development
This information report covers two distinct projects to formulate Jet Refrence Fluids (JRF) for testing of material compatibility. The first effort began in 1978 and focused on producing a formulation (JRF-2) that simulated JP-4 and included composition with metallic ions that reproduced chalking of fuel tank sealants. This effort resulted in the preparation of AMS2629 that defined the formulation of JRF-2 (Type 1) and the same formulation with metallic ions (Type 2). The second effort began in 2002 and focused on preparing a JRF that simulated Jet A, JP-5 and JP-8. This effort went through multiple iterations, but eventually resulted in a JRF-3 formulation composed of Jet A plus military additives spiked to 25% aromatic content and high levels of sulfur experienced in the global fuel supply. Since the metallic ions added to JRF-2 demonstrated their ability to simulate a chalking reaction, chalking was not tested with the ions added to JRF-3. AMS2629 was changed multiple times to
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) outlines concepts for the design and use of fault isolation equipment that have general application. The specific focus is on fault isolation of environmental control systems (ECS) in commercial transports. Presented are general fault isolation purposes, design principles, and demonstration of compliance criteria. These are followed by three design examples to aid in understanding the design principles. Future trends in built-in-test-equipment (BITE) design are discussed, some of which represent concepts already being implemented on new equipment
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