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Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology
- Ground Vehicle Standard
- J2954_202010
- Revised
Downloadable datasets available
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Issuing Committee:
Language:
English
Scope
The SAE J2954 standard establishes an industry-wide specification that defines acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. The specification defines various charging levels that are based on the levels defined for SAE J1772 conductive AC charge levels 1, 2, and 3, with some variations. A standard for WPT based on these charge levels enables selection of a charging rate based on vehicle requirements, thus allowing for better vehicle packaging and ease of customer use. The specification supports home (private) charging and public wireless charging.
In the near term, vehicles that are able to be charged wirelessly under SAE J2954 should also be able to be charged conductively by SAE J1772 plug-in chargers.
SAE J2954 addresses unidirectional charging, from grid to vehicle; bidirectional energy transfer may be evaluated for a future standard. This standard is intended to be used in stationary applications (charging while vehicle is not in motion); dynamic applications may be considered in the future. In this version, only above-ground (surface mounted) installations are covered; flush mounted installations have been discussed but are not yet ready for inclusion.
SAE J2954 contains requirements for safety, performance, and interoperability. It also contains recommended methods for evaluating electromagnetic emissions, but the requirements and test procedures are controlled by regulatory bodies. Development of the interoperability requirements in this standard employed a performance-based evaluation of candidate designs using a standardized test station and procedures, resulting in defining reference devices which are used to determine acceptable performance of products.
Rationale
Electrified powertrains, specifically battery electric and plug-in electric (BEV/PHEV) vehicles, are projected to become more prevalent in production internationally due to environmental factors (such as GHG, CO2 emissions), regulations (such as the EU, China, U.S. EPA regulations, and the California ZEV mandates), as well as the increasing price of fossil fuels. The main benefits of electrified powertrains are eliminating or significantly reducing local emissions while increasing the overall well-to-wheels efficiency. In addition, automated vehicles are soon to be more commonplace to allow more convenient and safer transportation, especially in traffic settings and long-distance driving.
Standardized wireless power transfer (WPT, also called wireless charging) allows the BEV/PHEV customer an automated, seamless, and more convenient alternative to plug-in (conductive) charging. Essentially, the customer simply needs to park in an SAE J2954-compatible parking space in order to charge the vehicle. WPT offers the additional advantage to automated vehicles enabling autonomous parking with alignment assistance and automated charging (in all weather conditions, such as rain or snow).
This standard is an evolution of SAE J2954, which is based on actual bench testing and vehicle interoperable data taken around the world. SAE J2954 is meant to harmonize with standards developing organizations in order to make a world-wide WPT standard to 11.1 kVA, useful for commercial applications. The SAE Task Force (TF) harmonized with numerous standard organizations (AAMI, ANSI, CISPR, GB, ISO, IEC, UL, VDA) towards these goals and specifically the documents produced in ISO and IEC. The SAE J2954 TF has worked directly with government agencies to gain feedback (U.S. DOE, U.S. FCC, U.S. FDA) and testing actual systems both in government laboratories and private. The SAE J2954 TF has documented the lessons learned from the first stage of testing with real OEM systems in accompanying SAE technical data reports (see Section 2). It is essential that data-based standards are used as a basis for commercialization of this technology.
Recommended Content
Ground Vehicle Standard | Interconnection Requirements for Onboard, Grid Support Inverter Systems |
Ground Vehicle Standard | Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology |
Ground Vehicle Standard | Power Quality Requirements for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Chargers |
Topic
Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
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Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 3 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 4 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 5 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 6 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 7 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 8 | ||
Table 2 | Specification of the SAE J2954 VA Z-classes | |
Table 3 | Specification of the SAE J2954 GA Z-classes | |
Table 4 | X, Y, Z operating range requirements for Product VAs | |
Table 5 | Ground clearance operating range requirements for Product GAs | |
Table 6 | SAE J2954 roll, pitch, and yaw operating range requirements for Product VAs | |
Table 7 | Range of input kVA by class of Product GA | |
Table 8 | Class I minimum system efficiency requirements | |
Table 9 | Class II minimum system efficiency requirements | |
Table 10 | Component-level EMC - off-board components | |
Unnamed Dataset 18 | ||
Table 11 | Human EMF exposure standard, reference levels | |
Unnamed Dataset 20 | ||
Table 14 | Touch current limits | |
Table 15 | Reference EMF exposure measurement standards | |
Table 16 | Example worksheet for worst-case operating condition search | |
Table 17 | Touch current measurement points | |
Table 18 | Coupler configurations for touch current measurement | |
Table 19 | Combined EMF limits for laboratory use | |
Table 20 | Measurements of fields | |
Table 21 | “Natural offset” (x_0) for the systems as described in the appendices of this standard | |
Table 22 | Sample system efficiency test form | |
Table 23 | Table of test objects | |
Table A1 | Inductance | |
Table A2 | Inductance | |
Table A3 | Inductance | |
Table A4 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A5 | Secondary coil inductance L and impedance matching values | |
Table A6 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A7 | Secondary coil inductance L and impedance matching values | |
Table A8 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A9 | Secondary coil inductance L and impedance matching values | |
Table A10 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A12 | Secondary coil inductance L | |
Table A13 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A15 | Secondary coil inductance L | |
Table A16 | Typical ferrite properties | |
Table A18 | Secondary coil inductance L | |
Table B1 | Typical Ferrite Properties | |
Table B2 | Table of values | |
Table B3 | Primary coil inductance L depending on the Z-class | |
Table B4 | Maximum currents in the Test Station Universal GA | |
Table B5 | Coupling k between primary and secondary coil depending on the Z-class | |
Unnamed Dataset 51 | ||
Table F1 | Maximum values of currents | |
Table F2 | Primary coil inductance L1 depending on the Z-class | |
Table F3 | Coupling k between primary and secondary coil depending on the Z-class | |
Table G2 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table G4 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table G6 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table G8 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table G10 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table G12 | Secondary coil inductance L2 and secondary tuning capacitor C | |
Table H2 | Primary coil inductance L1 depending on the Z-class | |
Table H3 | Coupling k between primary and secondary coil depending on the Z-class | |
Table H5 | Primary coil inductance L1 depending on the Z-class | |
Table H6 | Coupling k between primary and secondary coil depending on the Z-class | |
Unnamed Dataset 65 | ||
Table J1 | Fundamental mutual inductance values M for Z1 (in µH) | |
Table J2 | Fundamental mutual inductance values M for Z2 (in µH) | |
Table J3 | Fundamental mutual inductance values M for Z3 (in µH) | |
Table J4 | Voltages (rms) required to be induced in circular reference VA devices | |
Table J5 | Recommended parameters for GA coil impedance space | |
Table K2 | EMF exposure standard, reference levels | |
Table K3 | ||
Table K4 | ||
Table K5 | Dimension if phantom used | |
Table L1 | Approximate impact on voltage-amperage of varying k based on design and chosen operation | |
Table L2 | Approximate pad losses assuming, with two values of and variations in primary and secondary operating |
Issuing Committee
The Hybrid Technical Standards Committee reports to the Powertrain Systems Group of the Motor Vehicle Council. The Committee is responsible for developing and maintaining SAE Standards, Recommended Practices, and Information Reports related to the field of hybrid vehicle technology. The following topics are within the scope of this committee's work: safety aspects of hybrid systems in vehicles, test procedures to establish the performance of hybrid systems and components, nomenclature, as well as vehicle interface and serviceability requirements Participants in the SAE Hybrid Technical Standards Committee include OEMs, suppliers, consulting firms, government, and other interested parties.
Reference
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