This report reviews current1 quantitative data on human tolerance levels without recommending specific limits. Data developed on humans (including cadavers) are presented where available; however, in many cases animal data are provided where no suitable human results have been reported. This report confines itself, as much as possible, to information of direct use to the automotive designer and tester. Data of only academic interest are largely omitted; therefore, J885 should not be considered as a complete summary of all available biomechanical data.
Most of the data cited in this report applies to adult males since little information is available on women or children. The summary data provided in the tables should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying descriptive test. This material explains the manner in which the data were obtained and provides an insight as to their limitations.
Rationale
The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J885 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. Extensive research in human tolerance has been conducted since J885 was last revised. Several published papers present Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) that are based on the current human tolerance data. The U.S. auto industry uses these values to assess the restraint performance of their vehicle designs. The committee members see no value in writing a SAE document to summarize these IARVs since their bases are well documented in the literature. J885 has historical value since many of the early IARVs were established from the data it contains.
DYNAMIC FRACTURE FORCES FOR CRANIAL BONES RIGID SURFACE IMPACTS
TABLE 2
DYNAMIC FRACTURE FORCES FOR FACIAL BONES
TABLE 3
DYNAMIC FRACTURE LOADS FOR THE THYROID AND CRICOID CARTILAGES
TABLE 4
MAXIMUM STATIC BENDING MOMENT DEVELOPED AT THE OCCIPITAL CONDYLES BY VARIOUS VOLUNTEERS FOR VARIOUS LOADING CONFIGURATIONS (AIS = 0) BENDING MOMENT DEVELOPED AT OCCIPITAL CONDYLES ft-lb (N·m)
TABLE 5
MAXIMUM STATIC FORCE REACTIONS DEVELOPED AT THE OCCIPITAL CONDYLES BY VARIOUS VOLUNTEERS FOR VARIOUS LOADING CONFIGURATIONS (AIS = 0)
TABLE 6
TOLERABLE NECK REACTIONS CALCULATED AT THE OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FOR DYNAMIC VOLUNTEER TESTS
TABLE 7
NECK REACTIONS CALCULATED AT THE OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FOR DYNAMIC HUMAN CADAVER TESTS
TABLE 8
COMPRESSIVE HEAD LOADS AND RESULTING NECK DAMAGE DESCRIPTIONS FOR SUPERIOR-INFERIOR HEAD IMPACTS TO CADAVERS WITH NECKS STRAIGHT (50)
TABLE 9
COMPRESSIVE HEAD LOADS AND RESULTING NECK DAMAGED DESCRIPTIONS FOR SUPERIOR-INFERIOR HEAD IMPACTS TO CADAVERS WITH VARIOUS HEAD-NECK-TORSO ANGLES (51)
TABLE 10
TABLE 11
MIDRIFF LOADING (WINDQUIST, ET AL.)
TABLE 12
CADAVER DROP TESTS ON THE ABDOMEN (LATERAL)
Unnamed Dataset 14
TABLE 13A
DYNAMIC FRACTURE FORCES FOR FEMUR, PATELLA, AND PELVIS (REF. 77) (RIGHT THIGH/LEFT THIGH)
TABLE 13B
DYNAMIC FRACTURE FORCES FOR FEMUR, PATELLA, AND PELVIS (REF. 77) (RIGHT KNEE/LEFT KNEE)
TABLE 13C
DYNAMIC FRACTURE FORCES FOR FEMUR, PATELLA, AND PELVIS (REF. 77)
TABLE 14
PATELLA LOCALIZED LOADING (RESULTS AVERAGED OVER ALL TEST SPEEDS)
The Human Biomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee is part of the Occupant Protection and Biomechanics Steering Committee that reports to the Motor Vehicle Council (MVC). The Standards Committee is responsible for developing and maintaining SAE Standards, Recommended Practices, and Information Reports related to assessing vehicle occupant and pedestrian protection. The Committee's goal is to provide an unbiased assessment of these documents as well as provide input to associate International Organization of Standardization (ISO) activities. Committee experts with broad backgrounds in the field represent a variety of viewpoints. The following committees and task forces have been developed under the committee's scope: Hybrid III Dummy Family Task Force, Pedestrian Dummy Task Force, DAPRR Task Force, Dummy Testing and Equipment Committee. Participants in the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee include OEMs, suppliers, consulting firms, government, and other interested parties. The HBSS shall pursue anthropometrically, biomechanically sound definitions of mechanical and analytical surrogates of humans for use in research, design, development, and certification studies involving occupant/vehicle and vehicle/pedestrian impact injury. Likewise, it shall pursue pertinent, biomechanically sound definitions of impact injury criteria to enable, in conjunction with the use of surrogates, predictions of the degrees of human injuries to be expected in a given impact environment. (This objective was developed at the 1st HBSS meeting January 14, 1976)
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