This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Characterization of Recent-Model High-Emitting Automobiles
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In-use vehicles which are high emitters make a large contribution to the emissions inventory. It is not known, however, whether high-emitting vehicles share common emissions characteristics. We study this by first examining laboratory measurements of second-by-second engine-out and tailpipe emissions from a small number of MY90-97 high-emitting vehicles. We distinguish high-emitter types by the behavior of six ratios in low- and moderate-power driving: the engine-out emissions indices (engine-out pollutant to fuel-rate ratios) and the catalyst pass fractions (tailpipe to engine-out ratios) for CO, HC, and NOx. Four general types of high emitter are observed: 1) fuel-air ratio excessively lean, 2) fuel-air ratio excessively rich, 3) partial combustion such as misfire, and 4) severe deterioration in catalyst performance in vehicles where malfunctions of Types 1, 2 or 3 are not predominant. We also find that these behaviors may be chronic, or may only occur transiently. The second step is to determine the prevalence of the four different types of high emitter in the on-road fleet. For this we analyze IM240 tailpipe emissions from a large sample of cars measured in the Arizona inspection and maintenance program. We find that all four types of failure are observed with roughly comparable probabilities.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Wenzel, T. and Ross, M., "Characterization of Recent-Model High-Emitting Automobiles," SAE Technical Paper 981414, 1998, https://doi.org/10.4271/981414.Also In
References
- Stedman Donald H. “Automobile Carbon Monoxide Emission,” Envir. Science Technol. 1989 23 147
- Lawson D.R. Groblicki P. Stedman D.H. Bishop G.A. Guenther P.L. ““Emissions of In-Use Motor Vehicles in Los Angeles: A Pilot Study of Remote Sensing and the Inspection and Maintenance Program” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 40 1096 1105 1990
- Stephens Robert D. “Remote Sensing Data and a Potential Model of Vehicle Exhaust Emissions,” J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 44, 1284 1292 1994
- California Air Resources Board On-Road Remote Sensing of CO and HC emissions in California Stedman Donald Bishop Gary Beaton Stuart Peterson James Guenther Paul McVey Ian Zhang Yi CARB Research Division February 1994
- California Air Resources Board Comparison of the IM240 and ASM Tests in CARB's I&M Pilot Program CARB Mobile Source Division June 1996
- McAlinden Ken “Michigan Roadside Study: Analysis of Repairs on High Emission Vehicles,” Proceedings of the 4th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop Coordinating Research Council Atlanta GA 1994
- Soliman Ahmed Rizzoni Georgio “The Effects of Various Engine Control System Malfunctions on Exhaust Emissions Levels During the EPA I/M 240 Cycle,” Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA 1994
- Heirigs Philip L. Austin Thomas C. “Causes of Failure in High Emitting Cars,” Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA 1996
- American Petroleum Institute Analysis of Causes of Failure in High Emitting Cars API February 1996
- An Feng Barth Matthew Norbeck Joseph Ross Marc “The Development of a Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model: Operating Under Hot Stabilized Conditions,” Transportation Research Record no. 1587 52 62 1997
- Barth Matthew Younglove Theodore Wenzel Tom Scora George An Feng Ross Marc Norbeck Joseph “Analysis of Modal Emissions from Diverse In-Use Vehicle Fleet,” Transportation Research Record no. 1587 73 84 1997
- Stedman Donald H. Bishop Gary A. Aldrete Philip Slott Robert S. “On-Road Evaluation of an Automobile Emission Test Program,” Envir. Science Technol. 1997 31 927 931
- Heirigs Philip L. Gordon Jay “Preconditioning Effects on I/M Test Results Using IM240 and ASM Procedures,” Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA 1996
- Goodwin Robert W. Ross Marc “Off-Cycle Exhaust Emissions from Modern Passentger Cars with Properly-Functioning Emissions Controls,” Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA 1996
- Goodwin Robert W. A Model of Automobile Emissions During High-Power Driving Episodes and Related Issues University of Michigan 1997
- An Feng Barth Matthew Scora George Ross Marc “Modeling Enleanment Emissions for Light-Duty Vehicles,” 77th Annual TRB meeting Washington DC January 1998
- Haskew Harold M. Cullen Kevin Liberty Thomas F. Langhorst William “The Execution of a Cooperative Industry/Government Exhaust Emission Test Program,” Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale PA 1994 Markey Jim USEPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Haskew Harold M. Berens Doug Orteca Roger “FTP Emissions from 1991-1993 MY In-Use Vehicles,” Proceedings of the 7th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop Coordinating Research Council Atlanta GA 1997 USEPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Wenzel Tom “Analysis of Emissions Deterioration of In-Use Vehicles, Using Arizona IM240 Data,” Society of Automotive Engineers Government/Industry Meeting Washington DC May 1997