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Thoracic Trauma Assessment for the Hybrid Iii Dummy in Simulated Frontal Crashes
Technical Paper
976156
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In an effort to better understand thoracic trauma in frontal
impacts, sled tests with cadaveric specimens and test dummies in
various restraint environments were conducted.
Analsyis of the measured mechanical and physiological responses
and anthropometric data of the human subjects suggested that for
the same mechanical response (either acceleration, deflection, or a
combination of both), belt restraint systems have a higher
associated injury rate than airbag restraint systems. The
Dichotomous Process was developed to provide better injury
evaluation from measured mechanical parameters without prior
knowledge of what restraint system was used. Based on multiple
chest deflection measurements, this process first determines
whether the chest deflection patterns were localized (belt like) or
distributed (bag like). It then uses separate injury criteria for
each of the two categories.
Analysis of the test data and the first version of the
Dichotomous Process has already been presented in the 38th Stapp
Car Crash Conference in 1994. This paper presents further
validation of the Dichotomous Process and its application to the
Hybrid III dummy (with additional chest deflection gages) in
vehicle crash tests. Separate injury criteria based on chest
acceleration, chest deflection, and age of the cadaver for the
belt-like and bag-like categories are presented. A relationship to
scale internal rib deflections measured on the Hybrid III dummy to
represent external deflections of a tensed human chest is
presented. A method of eliminating the age parameter from the
injury function is also demonstrated.