This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging*
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A phenomenological description, or “conceptual model,” of how direct-injection (DI) diesel combustion occurs has been derived from laser-sheet imaging and other recent optical data. To provide background, the most relevant of the recent imaging data of the author and co-workers are presented and discussed, as are the relationships between the various imaging measurements. Where appropriate, other supporting data from the literature is also discussed. Then, this combined information is summarized in a series of idealized schematics that depict the combustion process for a typical, modern-diesel-engine condition. The schematics incorporate virtually all of the information provided by our recent imaging data including: liquid- and vapor-fuel zones, fuel/air mixing, autoignition, reaction zones, and soot distributions. By combining all these elements, the schematics show the evolution of a reacting diesel fuel jet from the start of fuel injection up through the first part of the mixing-controlled burn (i.e. until the end of fuel injection). In addition, for a “developed” reacting diesel fuel jet during the mixing-controlled burn, the schematics explain the sequence of events that occurs as fuel moves from the injector downstream through the mixing, combustion, and emissions-formation processes. The conceptual model depicted in these schematics also gives insight into the most likely mechanisms for soot formation and destruction and NO formation during the portion of the DI diesel combustion event discussed.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Dec, J., "A Conceptual Model of DI Diesel Combustion Based on Laser-Sheet Imaging*," SAE Technical Paper 970873, 1997, https://doi.org/10.4271/970873.Also In
References
- Agnew, W. G. “Room at the Piston Top: Contributions of Combustion Science to Engine Design,” Twentieth Symposium (International) on Combustion 1 17 1984
- Faeth, G. M. “Current Status of Droplet and Liquid Combustion,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 3 191 224 1977
- Kuo, K. K. Principles of Combustion Wiley & Sons New York 589 594 1986
- Chiu, H. H. Kim, H. Y. Croke, E. J. “Internal Group Combustion of Liquid Droplets,” Nineteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion 971 980 1982
- Chiu, W. S. Shahed, S. M. Lyn, W. T. “A Transient Spray Mixing Model for Diesel Combustion,” SAE Transactions 85 502 512 paper no. 760128 1976
- Rife, J. Heywood, J. B. “Photographic and Performance Studies of diesel Combustion with a Rapid Compression Machine,” SAE Transactions 83 2942 2961 paper no. 740948 1974
- Heywood, J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill New York 1988
- Bosch automotive Handbook 3rd Robert Bosch GmbH Stuttgart, Germany SAE Warrendale, PA 1993
- Bardsley, M. E. A. Felton, P. G. Bracco, F. V. “2-D Visualization of Liquid and Vapor Fuel in an I.C. Engine,” SAE Transactions 97 3.281 3.291 paper no. 880521 1988
- Heinze, T Schmidt, T. “Fuel-Air Ratios in a Spray, Determined between Injection and Autoignition by Pulsed Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy,” SAE Transactions 98 2088 2094 paper no. 892102 1989
- zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. Dec, J. E. “2-D Soot Imaging in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Using Laser-Induced Incandescence,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines COMODIA 90 523 528 1990
- Dec, J. E. zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. “Soot Distribution in a D.I. Diesel Engine Using 2-D Laser-Induced Incandescence Imaging,” SAE Transactions 100 277 288 paper no. 910224 1991
- Espey, C. Dec, J. E. “Diesel Engine Combustion Studies in a Newly Designed Optical-Access Engine Using High-Speed Visualization and 2-D Laser Imaging,” SAE Transactions 102 703 723 paper no. 930971 1993
- Dec, J. E. Coy, E. B. “OH Radical Imaging in a DI Diesel Engine and the Structure of the Early Diffusion Flame,” SAE paper no. 960831 1996
- Lee, W. Solbrig, C. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santoro, R. J. Santavicca, D. A. “Planar Laser Light Scattering for the In-Cylinder Study of Soot in a Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 99 2222 2235 paper no. 902125 1990
- Alatas, B. Pinson, J. A. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “A Study of NO and Soot Evolution in a DI Diesel Engine via Planar Imaging,” SAE Transactions 102 1463 1473 paper no. 930973 1993
- Pinson, J. A. Ni, T. Litzinger, T. A. “Quantitative Imaging Study of the Effects of Intake Air Temperature on Soot Evolution in an Optically Accessible D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE paper no. 942044 1994
- Hodges, J. T. Baritaud, T. A. Heinze, T. A. “Planar Liquid and Gas Fuel and Droplet size Visualization in a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 100 1284 1302 paper no. 910726 1991
- Baritaud, T. A. Heinze, T. A. Le Coz J. F. “Spray and Self-Ignition Visualization in a DI Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 103 1129 1 paper no. 940681 1994
- Arnold, A. Dinkelacker, F. Heitzmann, T. Monkhouse, P. Schafer, M. Sick, V. Wolfrum, J. “DI Diesel Engine Combustion Visualized by Combined Laser Techniques,” Twenty-Fourth Symposium (International) on Combustion 1605 1612 1992
- Won, Y.-H. Kamimoto, T. Kobayashi, H. Kosaka, H “2-D Soot Visualization in Unsteady Spray Flame by means of Laser Sheet Scattering Technique,” SAE Transactions 100 265 276 paper no. 910223 1991
- Kosaka, H. Nishigaki, T. Kamimoto, T. “A Study on Soot Formation and Oxidation in an Unsteady Spray Flame via Laser-Induced Incandescence and Scattering Techniques,” SAE Transactions 104 1390 1399 paper no. 952451 1995
- Kosaka, H. Nishigaki, T. Kamimoto, T. Sano, T. Mat-sutani, A. Harada, S. “Simultaneous 2-D Imaging of OH Radicals and Soot in a Diesel Flame by Laser Sheet Techniques,” SAE paper no. 960834 1996
- Ragucci, R. Cavaliere, A. D'Alessio, A. “Laser Assisted Diagnostics for Characterization of Condensed Phases During Diesel Combustion Processes,” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines COMODIA 90 371 376 1990
- Suzuki, M. Nishida, K. Hiroyasu, H. “Simultaneous Concentration Measurement of Vapor and Liquid in an Evaporating Diesel Spray,” SAE Transactions 102 1164 1186 paper no. 930863 1993
- Megahed, M. “First Measurements of the Liquid-Phase Temperature in Diesel Sprays,” SAE paper no. 930969 1993
- Naber, J. D. Siebers, D. L. “Effects of Gas Density and Vaporization on Penetration and Dispersion of Diesel Sprays,” SAE paper 960034 1996
- Wiltafsky, G. Stolz, W. Kohler, J. Espey C. “The Quantification of Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) for Planar Time Resolved Measurements of the Soot Volume Fraction in a Combustion Diesel Jet,” SAE paper 961200 1996
- Espey, C. Dec, J. E. “The Effect of TDC Temperature and Density on the Liquid-Phase Fuel Penetration in a D.I. Diesel Engine,” SAE Transactions 104 1400 1414 paper no. 952456 1995
- Espey, C. Dec, J. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “Quantitative 2-D Fuel Vapor Concentration Imaging in a Firing D.I. Diesel Engine Using Planar Laser-Induced Rayleigh Scattering,” SAE Transactions 103 1145 1160 paper no. 940682 1994
- Espey, C. Dec, J. E. Litzinger, T. A. Santavicca, D. A. “Planar Laser Rayleigh Scattering for Quantitative Vapor-Fuel Imaging in a Diesel Jet,” Combustion and Flame 1997
- Dec, J. E. Espey, C. “Soot and Fuel Distributions in a D.I. Diesel Engine via 2-D Imaging,” SAE Transactions 101 1642 1651 paper no. 922307 1992
- Dec, J. E. “Soot Distribution in a D.I. Diesel Engine Using 2-D Imaging of Laser-Induced Incandescence, Elastic Scattering, and Flame Luminosity,” SAE Transactions 101 101 112 paper no. 920115 1992
- Dec, J. E. Espey, C. “Ignition and Early Soot Formation in a D.I. Diesel Engine Using Multiple 2-D Imaging Diagnostics,” SAE Transactions 104 853 875 paper no. 950456 1995
- Dec, J. E. Espey, C. “Soot and Liquid-Phase Fuel Distributions in a Newly Designed Optically Accessible D.I. Diesel Engine,” Proceedings of the 1993 Diesel Emission Reduction Workshop La Jolla, CA July 1993 Sandia National Laboratories
- Sichel, M. Palaniswamy, S. “Sheath Combustion of Sprays,” Twentieth Symposium (International) on Combustion 1789 1798 1984
- Chiu, H. H. Croke, E. J. “Group Combustion of Liquid Fuel Sprays,” Energy Technology Lab Report 81-2 Univ. of Illinois at Chicago 1981
- Greeves, G. Khan, I. M. Wang, C. H. T. Fenne, I. “Origins of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines, SAE Transactions 86 1235 1251 paper no. 770259 1977
- Wagner, H. Gg. “Soot Formation - An Overview,” 1 29 Particulate Carbon Formation During Combustion Siegla D.C. Smith G.W. Plenum, Press New York 1981
- Kamimoto, T. Kobayashi, H. “Combustion Processes in Diesel Engines,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 17 163 189 1991
- Kamimoto, T. Bae, M-H. “High Combustion Temperature for the Reduction of Particulate in Diesel Engines,” SAE Transactions 97 6.692 6.701 paper no. 880423 1988
- Melton, L. A. “Soot Diagnostics Based on Laser Heating,” Applied Optics 23 13 2201 2208 1984
- Quay, B. Lee, T. Ni, T. Santoro, R. J. “Spatially Resolved Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction Using Laser-Induced Incandescence,” Combustion and Flame 97 384 392 1994
- Pinson, J. A. Mitchell, D. L. Santoro, R. J. Litzinger, T. A. “Quantitative, Planar Soot Measurements in a D.I. Diesel Engine Using Laser-Induced Incandescence and Light Scattering,” SAE paper no. 932650 1993
- Kerker, M. The scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation Academic Press San Diego 1969
- zur Loye, A. O. Siebers, D. L. McKinley, T. L. Ng, H. K. Primus, R. J. “Cycle-Resolved LDV Measurements in a Motored Diesel Engine and Comparison with k-ε Model Predictions,” SAE Transactions 98 1142 1158 paper no. 890618 1989
- Kamimoto, T. Yokota, H. Kobayashi, H. “Effect of High Pressure Injection on Soot Formation Processes in a Rapid Compression Machine to Simulate Diesel Flames,” SAE Transactions 96 4.783 4.791 paper no. 871610 1987
- Browne, K. R. Partridge, I. M. Greeves, G. “Fuel Property Effects on Fuel/Air Mixing in an Experimental Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 860223 1986
- Bower, G. R. Foster D. E. “The Effect of Split Injection of Fuel Distribution in an Engine-Fed Combustion-Chamber,” SAE Transactions 102 1187 1202 paper no. 930864 1993
- Siebers Dennis L. Sandia National Laboratories 1996
- Henein, N. A. “Analysis of Pollutant Formation and Control and Fuel Economy in Diesel Engines,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 1 165 207 1976
- Edwards, C. F. Siebers, D. L. Hoskin, D. H “A Study of the Autoignition Process of a Diesel Spray via High Speed Visualization,” SAE Transactions 101 187 204 paper no. 920108 1992
- Keller, J. 0. Westbrook, C. W. “Response of a Pulse Combustor to Changes in Fuel Composition,” Twenty-First Symposium (International) on Combustion 547 555 1986
- Gaydon, A. G. The Spectroscow of Flames Chapman and Hall Ltd. London 1974
- Crosley, D. R. Dyer, M. J. “Two-Dimensional Imaging of Laser-Induced Fluorescence in OH in a Flame,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers Dec. 1982
- Berlman, I. B. Handbook of Fluorescence Spectra of Aromatic Molecules Academic Press 1971
- Paul, P. H Dec, J. E. “Imaging of Reactions Zones in Hydrocarbon-Air Flames using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence of CH,” Optics Letters 19 13 998 1000 1994
- Glarborg, P. Miller, J. A. Kee, R. J. “Kinetic Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Nitrogen Oxide Formation in Well-Stirred Reactors,” Combustion and Flame 65 177 202 1986
- Miller, J. A. Bowman, C. T. “Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion,” Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 15 287 338 1989