This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Effect of Fuel/Air Ratio Variations on Catalyst Performance and Hydrocarbon Emissions During Cold-Start and Warm-Up
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Effects of fuel/air equivalence ratio variations (Φ = 1.0±0.02) on engine-out and catalyst-out hydrocarbon (HC) mass and speciated emissions were measured under simulated cold-start conditions in order to suggest ways to optimize the engine-controls-catalyst system for minimum HC mass emissions and specific reactivity. A single-cylinder engine (installed in a temperature-controlled room and using commercial-grade gasoline) is run under controlled steady-state conditions (at 24 °C or -7 °C) which simulate cold starting. Speciated and total hydrocarbon emissions are measured from engine-out exhaust samples and from samples taken after an oven-temperature-controlled catalyst (either a fresh platinum/rhodium production catalyst, a 50,000 mile vehicle-aged catalyst, or a ceramic brick with standard washcoat containing no noble metal). Changes in engine fuel/air equivalence ratio (Φ = 1.0±0.02) have a small effect on engine-out HC mass emissions (± 10 %) and specific reactivity (0 - 2%). However, changing Φ from 1.02 (slightly rich) to 0.98 (slightly lean) has a large effect on catalyst performance - decreasing post-catalyst ozone forming potential values by a factor of 36 for a fresh catalyst and a factor of 6 for an aged catalyst.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Michael C. Drake - General Motors Research and Development Center
- Robert M. Sinkevitch - General Motors Research and Development Center
- Ather A. Quader - General Motors Research and Development Center
- Keith L. Olson - General Motors Research and Development Center
- Thomas J. Chapaton - General Motors Research and Development Center
Topic
Citation
Drake, M., Sinkevitch, R., Quader, A., Olson, K. et al., "Effect of Fuel/Air Ratio Variations on Catalyst Performance and Hydrocarbon Emissions During Cold-Start and Warm-Up," SAE Technical Paper 962075, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/962075.Also In
References
- Taylor K.C. “Nitric Oxide Catalysis in Automotive Exhaust Systems,” Catal. Rev. - Sci. Eng. 35 457 1993
- Taylor K.C. “Catalysts in Cars,” CHEMTECH 20 551 1990
- EPA Report “National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1989”
- Staff Report “Proposed Regulations for Low-Emission Vehicles and Clean Fuels,” State of California Air Resources Board, Mobile Sources and Stationary Source Divisions August 13 1990 Heimrich M.J. Albu S. Osborn J. SAE Paper 910612 1991
- Lowi A. Carter W.P.L. “A Method for Evaluating the Atmospheric Impact of Actual Vehicle Emissions,” SAE Paper 900710 1990
- Kollmann K. Abthoff J. Zahn W. “Concepts for Ultra Low Emission Vehicles,” SAE Paper 940469 1994
- Langren P. Theissen M. Mallog J. Zielinski R. “Heated Catalytic Converter Competing Technologies to Meet LEV Emission Standards,” SAE Paper 940470 1994
- Quader A.A. Sloane T.M. Sinkevitch R.M. Olson K.L. “Why Gasoline 90% Distillation Temperature Affects Emissions with Port Fuel Injection and Premixed Charge,” SAE Paper 912430 1991
- Yang J. Kaiser E.W. Siegl W.O. Anderson R.W. “Effects of Port-Injection Timing and Fuel Droplet Size on Total and Speciated Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions,” SAE Paper 930711 1993
- Hochhauser A.M. et al. “The Effect of Aromatics, MTBE, Olefins, and T90 on Mass Emissions from Current and Older Vehicles - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program,” SAE Paper 912322 1991
- Koehl W.J. et al. “Effects of Heavy Hydrocarbons in Fuel on Exhaust Mass Emissions, Air Toxics, and Calculated Reactivity - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program,” SAE Paper 932723 1993
- Leppard W.R. et al. “How Heavy Hydrocarbons in the Fuel Affect Exhaust Mass Emissions: Modal Analysis - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program,” SAE Paper 932724 1993
- Leppard W.R. et al. “How Heavy Hydrocarbons in the Fuel Affect Exhaust Mass Emissions: Correlation of Fuel, Engine-Out, and Tailpipe Speciation - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program,” SAE Paper 932725 1993
- Rapp L.J. et al. “Effect of Fuel Properties on Mass Exhaust Emissions during Various Modes of Vehicle Operation,” SAE Paper 932726 1993
- Nitschke R.G. “Reactivity of SI Engine Exhaust Under Steady-State and Simulated Cold-Start Operating Conditions,” SAE Paper 932704 1993
- Kubo S. Yamamoto M. Kizaki Y. Yamazaki S. Tanaka T. Nakanishi K. “Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions of SI Engine During Cold Start and Warm-up,” SAE Paper 932706 1993
- Quader A.A. “How Injector, Engine, and Fuel Variables Impact Smoke and Hydrocarbon Emissions with Port Fuel Injection,” SAE Paper 890623 1989
- Quader A.A. “Single-Cylinder Engine Facility to Study Cold Starting - Results with Propane and Gasoline,” SAE Paper 9200001 1992
- Olson K.L. Sinkevitch R.M. Sloane T.M. “Speciation and Quantification of Hydrocarbons in Gasoline Engine Exhaust,” J. Chromatogr. Sci. 30 500 1992
- Olson K.L. Chapaton T.L “Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis of a California Phase II Certification Fuel and Two European Gasolines,” GM R&D Report AN-422 Feb. 17 1994
- Leppard W.R. Rapp L.A. burns V.R. Gorse R.A. Knepper J.C. Koehl W.J. “Effects of Gasoline Composition on Vehicle Engine-Out and Tailpipe Hydrocarbon Emissions - The Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program,” SAE Paper 920329 1992
- Hirota T. Kojima K. Yakushiji K. Inoue T. “Effects of Exhaust Emission Control Devices and Fuel Composition on Speciated Emissions of S.I. Engines,” SAE Paper 922180 1992