This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Radiation Shielding Issues in Highly Inclined Low Earth Orbits
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The highly inclined orbit of the International Space Station Alpha exhibits significant radiation exposure contributions from the galactic cosmic rays penetrating the earth's magnetic field. In the absence of an accepted method for estimating the corresponding astronaut risk, we examined the attenuation characteristics using conventional LET dependent quality factors (as one means of representing RBE) and a track-structure repair model fit to cell transformation (and inactivation) data in the C3H10T1/2 mouse cell system obtained by T. C. Yang and coworkers for various ion beams. Although the usual aluminum spacecraft shield is effective in reducing dose equivalent with increasing shield thickness, cell transformation rates are increased for thin aluminum shields providing increased risk rather than protection to large shield thickness. This work clearly demonstrates that the exact nature of the biological response to LET and track width is critical to evaluation of biological protection factors provided by the shield design.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Wilson, J., Cucinotta, F., and Miller, J., "Radiation Shielding Issues in Highly Inclined Low Earth Orbits," SAE Technical Paper 961581, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961581.Also In
References
- National Council on Radiation Protection “Guidance on Exposures to space Radiation's” NCRP Report No. 98 1989
- Nealy, J. E. Wilson, J. W. Smart, M. A. Smart, D. F. “Proton flare and magnetic storm effect in the vicinity of the earth,” Adv. Space Res. 14 10 655 669 1994
- Nealy, J. E. Wilson, J. W. Smart, M. A. Smart, D. F. “Effects of orbit progression on the radiation exposures from solar proton fluxes in low earth orbit under geomagnetic storm conditions,” Adv. Space Res. 17 2 117 120 1996
- International Commission on Radiation Protection “The 1990 Recommendations of the ICRP” ICRP Report No. 60 1991
- Wilson, J. W. Cucinotta, F. A. Simonsen, L. C. “Proton target fragmentation effects in space exposures,” Adv. Space Res. 1996
- Schimmerling, W. “Radiobiological problems in space-An overview,” Radiat. & Environ. Biophys. 31 197 203 1992
- Schimmerling, W. “Space radiation protection: Scientific requirements for space research,” Radiat. & Environ. Biophys. 34 133 137 1995
- Morrison, D. R. “Cellular changes in microgravity and the design of space radiation experiments,” Adv. Space Res. 14 10 1005 1019 1994
- Kim, M.-H. Wilson, J. W. Thibeault, S. A. Nealy, J. E. Badavi, F. F. Kiefer, R. L. “Performance study of galactic cosmic ray shield materials,” NASA TP 3473 1994
- Wilson, J. W. Cucinotta, F. A. Shinn, J. L. Cell kinetics and track structure, Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation Swenberg C. E. Horneck G. Stassinopoulos E.G. Plenum Press New York 295 338 1993
- Yang, T. C. Craise, L. M. Mei, M. T. Tobias, C. A. “Neoplastic cell transformation by high-LET radiation: Molecular mechanisms,” Adv. Space Res. 9 10 131 1989
- Yang, T. C. Craise, L. M. Mei, M. T. Tobias, C. A. “Neoplastic cell transformation by heavy charged particles,” Radiat. Res. 104 S177 S187 1985
- Cucinotta, F. A. Wilson, J. W. “An initiation promotion model of tumor prevalence from high charge and energy radiation's,” Phys. Med. Biol. 39 1811 1831 1994
- Alpen, E. L. Powers-Risius, P. Curtis, S. B. DeGuzman, R. “Tumorgenic potential of high LET, charged particle radiation's,” Radiat. Res. 136 382 391 1993
- Alpen, E. L. Powers-Risius, P. Curtis, S. B. DeGuzman, R. Fry, R. J. M. “Fluence based relative biological effectiveness for charged particle carcinogenesis in mouse harderian gland,” Adv. Space Res. 14 573 582 1994
- Bond, V. P. Varma, M. N. Sondhaus, C. A. “The RBE concept, its inadequacies and a suggested replacement,” Mechanisms of radiation interaction with DNA: Potential implications for radiation protection U. S. Dept. of Energy Washington, DC 31 38 1988
- Cucinotta, F. A. Wilson, J. W. “Initiation-Promotion Model of Tumor Prevalence in Mice From Space Radiation Exposures,” Radiat. & Environ. Biophys. 34 145 149 1995
- Armitage, P. Doll, R. “A two-stage theory of carcinogenesis in relation to age distribution of human cancer,” Br. J. Cancer 11 161 169 1957
- Moolgavkar, S. H. Cross, G. T. Luebeck, G. Dagle, G. E. “A two-mutation model for radon-induced lung tumors in rats,” Radiat. Res. 121 28 37 1990
- Nelson, J. M. Braby, L. A. Metting, N. F. Roesch, W. C. “Multiple components of split-dose repair in plateau-phase mammalian cells: A new challenge to phenomenological modelers,” Radiat. Res. 121 154 1990
- Katz, R. Ackerson, B. Homayoonfar, M. “Inactivation of cells by heavy ion bombardment,” Radiat. Res. 47 402 425 1971
- Cucinotta, F. A. Wilson, J. W. Shavers, M. R. Katz, R. “Effects of track structure and cell inactivation on the calculation of heavy ion mutation rates in mammalian cells,” Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 1996
- Wilson, J. W. Kim, M.-H. Schimmerling, W. Badavi, F. F. Thibeault, S. A. Cucinotta, F. A. Shinn, J. L. Kiefer, R. “Issues in space radiation protection: Galactic cosmic rays,” Health Phys. 68 50 58 1995
- Badhwar, G. D. Cucinotta, F. A. O'Neill, P. M. “An analysis of interplanetary space radiation exposure for various solar cycles,” Radiat. Res. 138 201 208 1994
- Letaw, J. R. Silberberg, R. Tsao, C. H. “Radiation hazards on space missions outside the magnetosphere,” Adv. Space Res. 9 10 285 291 1989
- Wilson, J. W. Townsend, L. W. Badavi, F. F. “A semiempirical nuclear fragmentation model,” Nucl. Inst. & Methods Phys. Res. B18 225 231 1987
- Wilson, J. W. Townsend, L. W. Bidasoria, H. B. Schimmerling, W. Wong, M. Howard, J. “20 Neon depth-dose relations in water,” Health Phys. 46 1101 1111 1984
- Wilson, J. W. Townsend, L. W. Badavi, F. F. “Galactic HZE propagation through the earth's atmosphere,” Radiat. Res. 109 173 183 1987
- Shinn, J. L. Wilson, J. W. Badavi, F. F. Benton, E. V. Csige, I. Frank, A. L. Benton, E. R. “HZE beam transport in multilayered materials,” Radiat. Meas. 23 57 64 1994
- Badhwar, G. D. Patel, J. U. Cucinotta, F. A. Wilson, J. W. “Measurements of the secondary particle energy spectra in the space shuttle,” Radiat. Meas. 24 129 138 1995
- Cucinotta, F. A. Townsend, L. W. Wilson, J. W. Shinn, J. L. Badhwar, G. D. Dubey, R. R. “Light ion components of the galactic cosmic rays: Nuclear interactions and transport theory,” Adv. Space Res. 17 2 77 86 1996