This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
NOx Emissions and Efficiency of Hydrogen, Natural Gas, and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blended Fuels
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Engine dynamometer testing of homogeneous charge, spark ignition lean burn engines fueled by natural gas, hydrogen/natural gas blends and neat hydrogen was conducted to determine if NOx emissions from blended fuel operation can be reduced below those generated from natural gas operation, approaching those due to a 100% hydrogen fueled engine. The preliminary tests were conducted at the University of Central Florida/Florida Solar Energy Center on an eight cylinder automotive engine. The results indicate that the hydrogen/natural gas fuel has the potential of meeting highly restrictive NOx levels. Sandia National Laboratories conducted follow-on, comparative tests using a single cylinder research engine. The Sandia results indicate that the proposed CARB EZEV standard for NOx can be met without exhaust gas aftertreatment using a 30% hydrogen (by volume) / 70% natural gas blend fuel in a constant speed/power, hybrid vehicle application which achieves 60 MPG gasoline equivalent efficiency.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | A Two-Charge Engine Concept: Hydrogen Enrichment
|
| Technical Paper | Untreated Exhaust Emissions of a Hydrogen-Enriched CNG Production Engine Conversion |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Hoekstra, R., Van Blarigan, P., and Mulligan, N., "NOx Emissions and Efficiency of Hydrogen, Natural Gas, and Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blended Fuels," SAE Technical Paper 961103, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961103.Also In
References
- California Air Resources Board (CARB) Proposed equivalent zero emission vehicle standards IEEE Spectrum 72 September 1995
- Beck N.J. Johnson W.P. Peterson P.W. “Optimized E.F.I. for Natural Gas Fueled Engines” SAE 911650
- Collier K. Hoekstra R Mulligan D.N. Jones C. Hahn D. “Untreated Exhaust Emissions of a Hydrogen-Enriched CNG Production Engine Conversion” SAE 960858
- Hundleby G. Thomas J.R. “Low Emission Engines for Heavy-Duty Natural Gas-Powered Urban Vehicles-- Development Experience” SAE 902068
- Bruch K. “The Caterpillar 3406 Spark Ignited Low Emission Natural Gas Engine” ASME
- Dimpelfeld P. Mack J. “Design and Testing of a Natural Gas Fueled Rotary Engine” SAE 920307
- Geiss R.O. Burkmyre W.M. Lanigan J.W. “Technical Highlights of the Dodge Compressed Natural Gas Ram Van/Wagon” SAE 921551
- Koyanagi K. Hiruma M. Hashimoto H. Yamane K. Furuhama S. “Low NO x Emission Automobile Liquid Hydrogen Engine by Means of Dual Mixture Formation” SAE 930757
- Morimoto K. Teramoto T. Takamori Y. “Combustion Characteristics in Hydrogen Fueled Rotary Engine” SAE 920302
- Jorach R Enderle C. Prescher K. Decker R. “Development of a Low NO x Truck Hydrogen Engine with High Specific Power Output” 3 1875 Tenth World Hydrogen Energy Conference Proceedings 1994
- Futon J. Lynch F. Marinara R. Wilson B. “Hydrogen for Reducing Emissions from Alternative Fuel Vehicles” SAE 931813
- Stebar R.F. Parks F.B. “Emission Control with Lean Operation using Hydrogen-Supplemented Fuel” SAE 740187
- Houseman J. Hoehn F.W. “A Two-Charge Engine Concept: Hydrogen Enrichment” SAE 741169
- MacDonald J.S. “Evaluation of the Hydrogen Supplemented Fuel Concept with an Experimental Multi-cylinder Engine” SAE 760101
- Parks F.B. “A Single-Cylinder Engine Study of Hydrogen-Rich Fuels” SAE 760099
- Nagalingam B. Duebel F. Schmillen K. “Performance Study Using Natural Gas, Hydrogen-Supplemented Natural Gas and Hydrogen in AVL Research Engine” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 8 9 715 720 1983
- Yusuf M.J. “In Cylinder Flame Front Growth Rate Measurement of Methane and Hydrogen Enriched Methane Fuel in a Spark Ignited Internal Combustion Engine University of Miami 1990
- Hoekstra R Collier K. Mulligan D.N. “Demonstration of Hydrogen Mixed Gas Vehicles” 3 731 Tenth World Hydrogen Energy Conference Proceedings 1994
- Rassweiler, Gerald M. Withrow, Lloyd “Motion Pictures of Engine Flames Correlated with pressure Cards” SAE annual meeting Detroit, MI, USA January 14 1938 SAE paper 800131