This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
White Smoke Emissions Under Cold Starting of Diesel Engines
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
More stringent regulations have been enforced over the past few years on diesel exhaust emissions. White smoke emission, a characteristic of diesel engines during cold starting, needs to be controlled in order to meet these regulations. This study investigates the sources and constituents of white smoke. The effects of fuel properties, design and operating parameters on the formation and emissions of white smoke are discussed. A new technique is developed to measure the real time gaseous hydrocarbons (HC) as well as the solid and liquid particulates. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine in a cold room. The gaseous HC emissions are measured using a high frequency response flame ionization detector. The liquid and solid particulates are collected on a paper filter placed upstream of the sampling line of the FID and their masses are determined. A comparative study is made between white smoke in its three forms for diesel fuel (DF2) and jet fuel (JP8). The fuel accumulated in the engine during cranking plays a major role in the emissions of white smoke under cold starting conditions.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Yassine, M., Tagomori, M., Henein, N., and Bryzik, W., "White Smoke Emissions Under Cold Starting of Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 960249, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/960249.Also In
References
- Abbass M.K. et al “Condensible Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissions from a DI Diesel Engine,” Proceedings of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer 643 655 Sep 1987
- Arcoumanis C. Megaritis, A. “Real-Time Measurement of Particulate Emissions in a Turbocharged DI Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 922390
- Cambustion LTD “HFR400 Instructions Manual and Software,” Cambridge, England 1992
- Campbell et al “The Effect of Fuel Injection and Timing on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Character of Particulate Emissions from a Direct Injection Diesel,” SAE paper 810996
- Gabele et al “Emissions from a Light-Duty Diesel: Ambient Temperature and Fuel Effects,” SAE paper 860618
- Greeves et al “Origins of Hydrocarbon Emissions from Diesel Engines,” SAE paper 770259
- Greeves G. Wang C.T “Origins of Diesel Particulate Mass Emission,” SAE paper 810260
- Gupta A.K. Mehta P.S. Gupta C.D. “Model for Predicting Air-Fuel Mixing and Combustion For Direct Injection Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 860331
- Hames et al “Some Effects of Fuel Injection System Parameters on Diesel Exhaust Emissions,” SAE paper 710671
- Henein N.A. “Combustion and Emission Formation in Fuel Sparys Injected in Swirling Motion,” SAE paper 710220
- Henein N.A. “Analysis of Pollutant Formation and Control and Fuel economy in Diesel Engines” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 1 165 207 1976
- Henein N.A. Zahdeh A.R. Yassine M.K. Bryzik W. “Diesel Cold Starting: Combustion Instability,” SAE Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference Helsinki, Findland February 1992
- Henein N.A. Tagomori M.K Yassine M.K. Henien A.H. Hartman P. Asmus T. “In-Situ Phase-Shift Measurement of the Time-Resolved UBHC Emissions,” SAE Paper 950161
- Heywood “Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals,” 620 648 Mc Graw-Hill 1984
- Johnson et al “A Review of Particulate Control Technology and Emission effects,” SAE paper 940233
- Karim G.A. Mohan K Burn K. “Engine Exhaust Emissions Under Very Low Ambient Temperature Conditions.,” Proceedings of The International Clean Air Conference Brisbane, Australia May 15-19 1978
- Kato et al “The Influence of Fuel Qualities on White Smoke Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 870341
- Komoda T. Kawase H. “Effect of Fuel Injection System Improvement on White Smoke Reduction in Small Diesel Engines with Swirl Chamber,” SAE paper 911256
- Laurikko J. “Automotive Exhaust Emissions at Low Ambient Temperature,” SAE paper 890003
- Laurikko J. “Ambient Temperature and Fuel Effects on DI and IDI Diesel Cold Start Emissions,” XXIII Fisita Congress Torino, Italy May 1990 paper 905076
- Lepperhoff et al “Influences of Future Diesel Fuels on Combustion and Emissions of a DI-Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 872244
- “Lilly's Hanbook on Diesel Engines,” 17/3 17/12
- Matsui Y. Sugihara K. “Sources of Hydrocarbon Emissions form a Small Direct Injection Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 871613
- Merrion D.F. “Effect of Engine Design Changes on 2-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Exhaust,” SAE paper 680422
- Monaghan M.L. “The Best High Speed D.I. Diesel System for Light Duty Applications,” I. Mech. E. Conference on Diesel Engine for Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicle London Paper No. C105/82 Oct. 1982
- Nakajima et al “Relation Between Particulates and Black Smoke/HC in Diesel Engines,” JSAE Review 9 4 1988
- Nakakita et al “Effects of High Pressure Fuel Injection on the Combustion and Exhaust Emissions of a High-Speed DI Diesel Engine,” JSAE Review 12 1 Jan 1991
- Neill et al “Cold Temperature Diesel Performance Combustion with Canadian Low Quality Fuels,” SAE paper 860251
- Sienicki et al “Diesel Fuel Aromatic and Cetane Number Effects on Combustion and Emissions from a Prototype 1991 Diesel Engine,” SAE paper 902172
- Tanaka et al “Development of White Smoke Measuring Method for Diesel Engine,” JSAE Review 9 4 October 1988
- Tanaka et al “Development of a Measuring Meter and a Control Device for Diesel White Smoke,” SAE paper 892044
- Weidmann K. Menrad H. Reders K. Hutcheson R.C. “Diesel Fuel Quality Effects on Exhaust Emissions,” SAE paper 881649
- Yoshida et al “Fuel and Engine Effects on Diesel Exhaust Emissions,” SAE paper 860619
- Yu R.C. Wong V.W. Shahed S.M. “Sources of Hyrocarbon Emissions from Direct Injection Diesel Engines,” SAE 800048
- Yu C.R. Kuo T.W. Shahed S.M. Chang T.W. “The Effect of Mixing Rate, End of Injection, Sac Volume on Hydrocarbon Emissions from a D.I. Diesel, Engine,” SAE paper 831294
- Yuchida N. Daisho Y Saito T. “The Control of Diesel Emissions by Supercharging and Varying Fuel-Injection Parameters,” SAE paper 920117
- Zahdeh A.R. Henein N.A. “Engine Cold Staring: white Smoke Formation,” SAE Subzero Engineering Conditions Conference Helsinki, Findland February 1992
- Zahdeh et al “Diesel Cold starting: Actual Cycle Analysis Under Border-Line Conditions,” SAE paper 900441
- Zahdeh A.R. “Diesel Engine Startability and White Smoke Formation Under Cold Temperature Conditions,” Wayne State University 1990