This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Microbiological Analysis of Water in Space
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
One of the proposed methods for monitoring the microbial quality of the water supply aboard the International Space Station is membrane filtration. We adapted this method for space flight by using an off-the-shelf filter unit developed by Millipore. This sealed unit allows liquid to be filtered through a 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter that sits atop an absorbent pad to which growth medium is added. We combined a tetrazolium dye with R2A medium to allow microbial colonies to be seen easily, and modified the medium to remain stable over 70 weeks at 25°C.
This hardware was assembled and tested in the laboratory and during parabolic flight; a modified version was then flown on STS-66. After the STS-66 mission, a back-up plastic syringe and an all-metal syringe pump were added to the kit, and the hardware was used successfully to evaluate water quality aboard the Russian Mir space station.
Authors
Citation
Koenig, D., Bell-Robinson, D., Johnson, S., Mishra, S. et al., "Microbiological Analysis of Water in Space," SAE Technical Paper 951683, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/951683.Also In
References
- Cater D. L. Holder D. W. Hutchens C. F. 1995 Space Station Freedom environmental control and life support system phase III water recovery test stage 8 final report NASA Technical Memorandum 108478 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC.
- Koenig, D. W. Mallary L. L. Pierson D. L. 1991 Disinfectants for spacecraft applications: An overview 21th International Conference on Environmental Systems Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. SAE Technical Paper Series No. 911427
- Pierson, D. L. McGinnis M. R. Mishra S. K. Wogan C. F. 1991 Microbiology on Space Station Freedom NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
- Rodgers, E. 1983 The ecology of microorganisms in a small closed system: potential benefits and problems for Space Station NASA: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center NTIS, NASA TM-86563
- Schultz, J. R. Taylor R. D. Flanagan D. T. Gibbons R. E. Brown H. D. Sauer R. L. Pierson D. L. 1989 Biofilm formation and control in a simulated spacecraft water system 19th International Conference on Environmental Systems Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA SAE Technical Paper Series No. 891543
- Victorov, A. N. Ilyin V. K. 1992 The actual problems of microbiological control in regenerative life support systems exploration 43rd Congress of the International Astronautical Federation August 28 September 5 1992 Washington, DC IAF/IAA-92-0277
- Mishra S. K. Pierson D. L. 1993 Space flight, effects on microorganisms Encyclopedia of Microbiology Lederberg, J. Academic Press San Diego, CA. 4 53 60
- Mishra S. K. Ajello L. Ahearn D. Burge H. Kurup V P. Pierson D. L. Price D. L. Samson R. Sandhu R. S. Shelton B. Simmons R. B. Switzer K. F. 1993 Environmental mycology and its importance to human health J. Med. Vet. Mycol 30 287 305
- Pierson, D. L. Bassinger V. J. Molina T. C. Gunter T. C. Groves T. O. Cioletti L. J. Mishra S. K. 1993 Preflight and postflight microbiological results from 25 Space Shuttle crews 23rd International Conference on Environ- mental Systems Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA SAE Technical Paper Series No. 932139
- Waligora, J. M. Powell M. R. Sauer R. L. 1994 Spacecraft life-support systems Space Physiology and Medicine 3rd Nicogossian, A. Huntoon, C. Pool S. Lea & Febiger Philadelphia 109 127
- Costerton J. W. Lashen E. S. 1983 The inherent biocide resistance of corrosion-causing biofilm bacteria Corrosion 246 1 10
- Koenig, D. W. Bruce R. J. Mishra S. K. Pierson D. L. 1993 Biofilm in the Space Shuttle Columbia's water lines (abstract) 93rd General meeting of the American Society for Microbiology May 16-20 Atlanta, GA.
- Atlas, R. M. Bartha R. 1993 Microbial ecology Benjamin/Cummings Redwood City, CA
- van der Wende, E. Characklis W. G. 1990 Biofilms in potable-water distribution systems McFeters G A Drinking Water Microbiology Brock/Springer New York, NY 249 266
- Boyle M. Ford T. Mitchell R. Maki J. 1990 Survival of pathogenic bacteria under starvation conditions 20th International Conference on Environmental Systems Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA SAE Technical Paper Series No. 901381
- Camper, A. K. McFeters G. A. Characklis W. G. Jones W. L. 1991 Growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking water distribution systems Appl. Environ. Microbiol 57 2233 2239
- Dufour, A. P. Jakubowski W. 1982 Drinking water and Legionnaires' disease J. Amer. Water Works Assoc. 74 631 637
- Hutchinson, L. Ridgway J. W. 1977 Microbial aspects of drinking water supplies Academic Press London
- Pierson, D. L. 1994 Microbiology. In: Space Physiology and Medicine 3rd Nicogossian A. Huntoon C. Pool S. Lea & Febiger Philadelphia 157 166
- Federal Register 1990 Assessing defined-substrate technology for meeting monitoring requirements of the total coliform rule. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 82 83 87
- Federal Register 1991 Drinking water: National primary drinking water regulations Federal Register 54 27544 27567
- Greenberg, A. E. Trussell R. R. Clesceri L. S. Franson M. A. H. 1992 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater American Public Health Association Washington, DC
- Reasoner, D. J. Geldreich E. E. 1985 A new medium for the enumeration and subculture of bacteria from potable water Appl Environ Microbiol 49 1 1 7
- Stowe, R. P. Koenig D. W. Pierson D. L. 1992 Kinetic tetrazolium microtiter assay
- Klingler, J. M. Stowe R. P. Oberhuber D. C. Groves T. O. Mishra S. K. Pierson D. L. 1992 Evaluation of Biolog's automated microbial identification system Appl. Envion. Microbiol 58 6 2089 2092