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Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a 4-Stroke, Direct Injected Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Biodiesel and Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel
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Abstract
The work described in this paper, involved a thorough evaluation of the potential for using a soybean derived methyl ester referred to as Methyl Soyate) as a replacement or blending agent with low sulfur diesel fuel. The project considered the potential for improving emissions from a diesel engine using different blends of methyl soyate. Structural changes such as piston bowl or inejector tip geometry were not to be considered. Only changes in engine calibration were allowed.
The chosen test engine was a Navistar T444E HEUI direct injected diesel engine. This engine is a modem, electronically controlled diesel engine that allows considerable flexibility with respect to changing the injection timing and injection pressure calibrations. The following parameters were considered in the evaluation: 1) blends of methyl ester in low sulfur diesel between 0 and 100%, 2) injection timing, 3) Injection pressure, 3) application of an oxidation catalyst, and 4) application of exhaust gas recirculation.
During the entire test program, full exhaust gas analysis and particulate emissions testing was conducted. Both gravimetric and Soxhlet extraction (for soluble organic fraction) analyses of the particulate filters were conducted. All testing was conducted on the basis of steady-state test protocols to allow an understanding of the influence of the fuel change as a function of location in the engine map.
The results of the program indicate that substantial emissions improvements can be obtained with a relatively small methyl ester fraction within the 13-mode test. In general, it is possible to reduce HC, CO, particulate and NOx emissions (compared to 100% diesel at the standard calibration). Depending upon the particular calibration and blend, fuel consumption similar to the diesel engine is possible on a mass basis. Exhaust gas catalyst, injection timing and pressure variation and EGR results are presented and discussed.
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Topic
Citation
Last, R., Krüger, M., and Dürnholz, M., "Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a 4-Stroke, Direct Injected Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Biodiesel and Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel," SAE Technical Paper 950054, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/950054.Also In
Alternative Fuels for Low Emissions and Improved Performance in Ci and Heavy Duty Engines
Number: SP-1093; Published: 1995-04-01
Number: SP-1093; Published: 1995-04-01
References
- Baranescu, R. Lusco, J.J. “Sunflower Oil as a Fuel Extender in Direct Injection Turbocharged Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper 820260
- Rewolinski, C. “Sunflower Oil Diesel Fuel: Engine Wear Implications,” 62 1598 1599 1985
- Scholl, K.W. Sorenson, S.C. “Combustion of Soybean Oil Methyl Ester in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper 930934
- Wagner, L.E. Clark S.J. Schrock M.D. “Effects of Soybean Oil Esters on the Performance, Lubricating Oil, and Water of Diesel Engines,” SAE Paper 841385
- Holmberg, W. Peoples, J. “Biodiesel, A Technology, Performance and Regulatory Overview,” National SoyDiesel Development Board Jefferson City, Missouri February 1994
- Morris, D. “How Much Energy Does it Take to Make a Gallon of SoyDiesel,” Institute for Local Self-Reliance Washington, D.C. 1993
- Hower, M.J. Mueller, R.A. Oehlerking, D.A. Zielke, M.R. “The New Navistar T 444E Direct-Injection Turbocharged Diesel Engine,” SAE Paper 930269
- Tomazic, D. “Influence of Soybean Methyl Ester on the Exhaust Emissions and Durability of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine,” Aachen, Germany 1994