This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Behavioral Cybernetics of Telescience - An Analysis of Performance Impairment During Remote Work
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This report introduces a behavioral cybernetic analysis of performance difficulties inherent to teleoperation. From this perspective, the assumption is that such difficulties arise as a consequence of a degradation in the fidelity of behavioral feedback control. Conceptual and empirical evidence is presented for the conclusion that spatiotemporal perturbations in sensory feedback, specific to human factors design of the task and interface, degrade behavioral control of sensory feedback and thereby critically compromise teleoperation performance. In support of this conclusion, results from a large body of experimental evidence compiled over the past four decades are summarized to indicate that both delays and spatial displacements in sensory feedback engender substantial decrements in hands-on performance, which training does not completely overcome. Recent findings are cited demonstrating that teleoperation is degraded more than hands-on performance under perturbed sensory feedback conditions. Findings from our research in this problem area are described, based on implementation of an innovative methodology in which sensory feedback perturbations are imposed as continuously varying forcing functions. Collectively, the findings and analysis presented suggest that performance effects of perturbed sensory feedback constitute a major obstacle to high fidelity telepresence during teleoperation, and that design improvements aimed at ameliorating these effects may be essential to establishing acceptable telescience applications.
Authors
Citation
Smith, T., Koehler, E., Keran, C., and Mathison, P., "The Behavioral Cybernetics of Telescience - An Analysis of Performance Impairment During Remote Work," SAE Technical Paper 941438, 1994, https://doi.org/10.4271/941438.Also In
References
- Smith, T.J. 1993 The scientific basis of human factors - a behavioral cybernetic perspective In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 534 538 Santa Monica, CA Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
- Smith, T.J. Henning, R.A. Smith, K.U. 1993 Sources of performance variability Karwowski W. Salvendy G. Human Factors in Advanced Manufacturing 336 425 New York Wiley. In press
- Smith, K.U. Smith, T.J. 1988 Analysis of the human factors in automation Blache K.M. Success Factors for Implementing Change. A Manufacturing Viewpoint 259 338 Dearborn, MI Society of Manufacturing Engineers
- Smith, T.J. Smith, K.U. 1987 Feedback-control mechanisms of human behavior Salvendy G. Handbook of Human Factors 251 293 New York Wiley
- Smith, T.J. Keran, C. Koehler, E. Mathison, P. 1993 Performance variability during teleoperation with an emphasis on perturbed sensory feedback effects American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics Technical Report AIAA-93-4317 18 Washington, D.C. American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Smith, T.J. Smith, K.U. The human factors of workstation telepresence Griffin S. Third Annual Workshon on Space Onerations Automation and Robotics (SOAR '89) NASA Conference Publication 3059 235 250 Houston, TX NASA
- Smith, T.J. Stuart, M.A. Smith, R.L. Smith, K.U. 1990 Interactive performance variability in telerobot operation: nature and causes Karwowski W. Rahimi M. Ergonomics of Advanced Manufacturing and Hybrid Automated Systems II 857 870 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Smith, T.J. Smith, R.L. Stuart, MA. Smith, S.T. Smith, K.U. 1989 Interactive performance in space - the role of perturbed sensory feedback Smith M. Salvendy G. Work with Computers: Organizational, Management, Stress and Health Aspects 484 495 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Mosher, R.S. 1964 Industrial manipulators Scientific American 211 4 88 98
- Mosher, R.S. Murphy, W. 1965 Human control factors in walking machines Proceedings of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Human Factors Conference Chicago ASME
- Smith, K.U. 1965 Human Factors Analysis of the Mechanism of Walking With Special Reference to Design of a Pedipulator Vehicle Madison, WI University of Wisconsin Behavioral Cybernetics Laboratory
- Smith, K.U. 1965 Sensory-Feedback Analysis of Manlike Machine Systems: A New Behavioral Theory for Human Engineering Madison, WI University of Wisconsin Behavioral Cybernetics Laboratory
- Smith, K.U. 1962 Delayed Sensory Feedback and Behavior Philadelphia Saunders
- Smith, K.U. 1972 Cybernetic psychology Singer R.N. The Psychomotor Domain 285 348 New York Lea and Febiger, New York
- Smith, K.U. Smith, M.F. 1966 Cybernetic Principles of Learning and Educational Design New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Smith, K.U. Smith, W.M. 1962 Perception and Motion: An Analysis of Space-Structured: Behavior Philadelphia Saunders
- Smith, T.J. Smith, K.U. 1988 The cybernetic basis of human behavior and performance Continuing the Conversation. A Newsletter of Ideas in Cybernetics Winter 1988 15 1 28
- Smith, T.J. Smith, K.U. 1987 Motor feedback control of human cognition - implications for the cognitive interface Salvendy G. Sauter S.L. Hurrell J.J. Social, Ergonomic and Stress Aspects of Work with Computers 239 254 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Smith, T.J. Smith, K.U. 1988 The social cybernetics of human interaction with automated systems Karwowski W. Parsaei H.R. Wilhelm M.R. Ergonomics of Hybrid Automated Systems I 691 711 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Adolph, E.F. 1982 Physiological integrations in action The Physiologist 25 2 1 67
- Smith, K.U. Smith, T.J. 1993 Human-computer interaction and the automation of work Salvendy G. Smith M.J. Human-Computer Interaction: Software and Hardware Interfaces 837 842 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Sheridan, T.B. 1989 Telerobotics Automatica 25 4 487 507
- Sheridan, T.B. 1992 Telerobotics. Automation, and Human Supervisory Control Cambridge, MA The MIT Press
- Smith, K.U. 1961 The geometry of human motion and its neural foundations: I. Perceptual and motor adaptation to displaced vision American Journal of Physical Medicine 40 3 71 87
- Smith, K.U. 1961 The geometry of human motion and its neural foundations: II. Neurogeometric theory and its experimental basis American Journal of Physical Medicine 40 3 109 129
- Helmholtz, H.L.F. 1856 1866 Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik 3 Hamburg and Leipzig Voss
- Welch, R.B. 1978 Perceptual Modification. Adapting to Altered Sensory Environments New York Academic Press
- Smith, R.L. 1988 Human visual requirements for control and monitoring of a space telerobot Karwowski W. Parsaei H.R. Wilhelm M.R. Ergonomics of Hybrid Automated Systems I 233 240 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Smith, R.L. Stuart, M.A. 1989 The effects of spatially displaced visual feedback on remote manipulator performance Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1430 1434 Santa Monica, CA Human Factors Society
- Stuart, M.A Manahan, M.K. Bierschwale, J.M. Sampaio, C.E. Legendre, A.J. 1991 Adaptive strategies of remote systems operators exposed to perturbed camera-viewing conditions Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting 151 155 Santa Monica, CA Human Factors Society
- Cook, T.M. 1993 Teleoperation of heavy equipment: individual and environmental correlates of operator performance Smith M.J. Salvendy G. Human-Computer Interaction: Applications and Case Studies 278 282 Amsterdam Elsevier
- McFarlane, J.R. 1993 Current status of development and use of tethered and autonomous underwater vehicles and the potential for further automation Smith M.J. Salvendy G. Human-Computer Interaction: Applications, and Case Studies 301 306 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Stuart, M.A. Sampaio, C.E. Hendrich, R.C. Fleming, T.F. Legendre, A.J. 1993 Remote operations in the hazardous environment of space Smith M.J. Salvendy G. Human-Computer Interaction: Applications and Case Studies 295 300 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Smith, K.U. Arndt, R. 1969 Experimental hybrid-computer automation in perceptual-motor and social behavioral research Journal of Motor Behavior 1 1 11 27
- Gould, J.D. Smith, K.U. 1963 Angular displacement of visual feedback in motion and learning Perceptual and Motor Skills 17 699 710
- Ellis, S.R. Tyler, M. Kim, W.S. Stark, L. 1991 Three-Dimensional Tracking With Misalignment Between Display and Control Axes SAE Technical Paper series 911390 Warrendale, PA SAE International
- Draper, J.V. Handel, S. 1990 Fitts' task by teleoperator: movement time, velocity, and acceleration Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 127 131 Santa Monica, CA Human Factors Society
- Wiker, S.F. Langolf, G.D. Chaffin, D.B. 1989 Arm posture and human movement capability Human Factors 31 4 421 441
- Poulton, E.C 1966 Tracking behavior Bilodeau E.A. Acquisition of Skill 361 410 New York Academic Press
- Ferrell, W.R. 1965 Remote manipulation with transmission delay IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE- 6 1 24 32
- Ferrell, W.R. 1966 Delayed force feedback Human Factors October 449 455
- Smith, T.J. 1993 Automation of work in dangerous environments - symposium summary Smith M.J. Salvendy G. Human-Computer Interaction: Applications and Case Studies 273 277 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Duhamel, J.-R. Colby, C.L. Goldberg, M.E. 1992 The updating of the representation of visual space in parietal cortex by intended eye movements Science 255 90 92
- Held, R. Durlach, N. 1989 Telepresence, time delay, and adaptation Ellis S.R. Kaiser M.K. Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments 28-1 28-16 Moffett Field, CA NASA Ames Research Center
- Sussman, H.M. Smith, K.U. 1969 Analysis of memory as a feedforward control mechanism Journal of Motor Behavior 1 2 101 117
- Smith, K.U. Putz, V. Molitor, K. 1970 Delayed retinal feedback of eyemovements: a dynamic basis of perceptual disabilities APA Experimental Publication System Issue No. 4 129B 144B
- Smith, K.U. Putz, V. 1970 Dynamic motor factors in determining effects of retinal image feedback reversal and delay American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry 47 5 372 383
- Henry, J.P. Junas, R. 1967 Experimental cybernetic analysis of delayed feedback of breath-pressure control American Journal of Physical Medicine 46 4 1317 1331
- Smith, K.U. 1971 Experimental systems analysis of delayed steering feedback Psychological Aspects of Driver Behaviour 2 20 Voorburg, The Netherlands Institute for Road Safety Research
- Smith, K.U. Molitor, K. 1969 Adaptation to combined reversal and delay of eyemovement-retinal feedback Journal of Motor Behavior 1 4 297 308
- Smith, K.U. 1970 Inversion and delay of the retinal image: feedback systems analysis of the classical problem of space perception American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry 47 3 175 204
- Niemeyer, G. Slotine, J.-J.E. 1991 Stable adaptive teleoperation IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 16 1 152 162
- Haduch, T.W. 1993 Operator interaction with unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) with limited data transmission Smith M.J. Salvendy G. Human-Computer Interaction: Applications and Case Studies 289 294 Amsterdam Elsevier
- Stoll, P.J. 1969 Respiratory system analysis based on sinusoidal variations of CO 2 in inspired air Journal of Applied Physiology 27 3 389 399
- Casaburi, R. Whipp, B.J. Wasserman, K. Beaver, W.L. Koyal, S.N. 1977 Ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics in response to sinusoidal work Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental, and Exercise Physiology 42 2 300 311
- Bennett, F.M. Reischl, P. Grodins, F.S. Yamashiro, S.M. Fordyce, W.E. 1981 Dynamics of ventilatory response to exercise in humans Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental, and Exercise Physiology 51 1 194 203
- Wasserman, K Hansen, J.E. Sue, D.Y. Whipp, B.J. 1987 Principles of Exercise Testing and Interpretation Philadelphia Lea and Febiger
- DiStefano, J.J., III Stubberud, A.r. Williams, I.J. 1967 Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of Feedback and Control Systems New York McGraw-Hill
- Hostetter, G.H. Savant, C.J., Jr. Stefani, R.T. 1982 Design of Feedback Control Systems New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- Vercher, J.-L. Voile, M. Gauthier, G.M. 1993 dynamic analysis of human visuo-oculo-manual coordination control in target tracking tasks Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 64 500 506